First, nursery technology

1. Seedlings (1) Soaking with warm soup: The selected seeds are cleaned and placed in hot water at 55-60°C. The amount of water is 4-5 times the amount of seeds, and the seeds are constantly stirred, when the water temperature drops, Add hot water to keep the water temperature at about 55°C. After 20 minutes, remove the seeds from the water. (2) Seed soaking: Put the removed seeds into 800 times potassium permanganate solution, soak for 15-20 minutes, then rinse with clean water and repeatedly rinse, then rinse with water and dry it to dry.

2. Seedbed preparation and sowing The seedbed is first irrigated. Mix 70% Antai and 50% thiram with 1:1, mix 12 g/m2 with 15 kg sieving dry fine soil. Then spread 1/3 of the drug soil on the surface of the bed, then sow, and finally two-thirds of the drug soil is evenly covered on the seed, with a thickness of about 1 cm. Put the tomato seeds in the middle of two layers of medicinal soil to prevent bacteria from invading.

The sowing rate is generally about 25 grams per square meter. Since the time for seedlings on the sowing bed is very short, no fertilizer is needed.

3. Split seedlings should be done when the seedlings grow to 2 leaves and 1 heart. The seedbed should have loose soil and complete nutrition. During the site preparation, a special nursery fertilizer of 1.5-2 kg is applied per 10 m2, and the ground is leveled and drenched.

Spray disinfection: The seedlings were irrigated once a day before seedling splitting to facilitate soiling at the roots of the seedlings on the second day of seedling splitting, and the seedlings were sprayed with 2000 times liquid Rui Miaoqing or 600 times liquid on the day before seedling splitting. disease. After the emergence of seedlings should be selected to eliminate weak seedlings, inadvertent leaf seedlings. If the seedlings are not homogeneous, they can be transplanted according to their size and are easy to manage. The depth of planting seedlings is generally 1-2 cm. It is advisable to expose the soil surface to the cotyledon. If the seedling has a hypocotyl, the seedlings can be planted into bed soil to reduce the height of the seedlings. However, the cotyledon must not be pressed when the seedlings are planted.

4. Post-seedling management During this period, the amount of water used should be controlled so that no drought or watering occurs and the seedlings are prevented from growing in size. The number of watering of the seedbed should be reduced 10 days before planting, and no watering is required when the seedlings do not dry and wilting. If the seedlings have 4-5 true leaves, they may be sprayed with a small amount of chlormequat, and the concentration must be low when using them. It is forbidden to use dilute amines, long-term, etc. control drugs.

One week before colonization, exercise was performed at a low temperature of 20-22°C during the day and about 8-10°C during the night for a week.

Age of seedlings: The calendar seedling age is 50 days; physiological seedling age is 7-8 leaves, see flower buds, plant height 25 centimeters, stem thickness 0.5 centimeters.

Second, cultivation management technology

1. The ground floor fertilizer is applied with fully decomposed chicken manure combined with chemical fertilizer; 5-6 gram of chicken manure per mu, 25 jin of urea, 130 kg of superphosphate, 40 kg of potassium sulfate, and 80 kg of prebiotic bacteria or 500 g). Spread the fertilizer and spread it to the ground first, and then deep-dip 40 centimeters, then press 80-100 centimeters of large spacing, 40 to 50 centimeters from the small row, 15 centimeters from the high ridge and cover the mulch on the ridge. Two-thirds of the fertilizer is turned into the ground, and one-third goes to the place where the ridge is to be raised. The bacteria fertilizer should be placed in the planting hole when planting.

2. Planting before planting is best done in mid-October, usually in the afternoon. 1-2 days before planting, the seedbed was sprayed with a 2000 times solution of Rui Miao Qing and 800 times of the beneficial micro-bacterial agent to prevent stem rot and other root diseases after planting.

3. Colonization The seedlings were planted on pre-raised ridges with a plant spacing of 25-28 cm and digging holes to plant 2800-3200 trees per acre. In order to solve the problem of double eyelid disease, put a handful of beneficial micro-producing bacteria in each hole, put the seedlings directly on the fungicide, and then cover the soil. The depth of colonization is about one centimeter in the cotyledon. In order to ensure that the seedlings are prevented from disease, a small amount of water is poured first, and then the seedling water is poured once every 6-7 days. After planting seedlings, spray one dose to prevent stem rot. Use propofol (800 grams of Proplex) and 800 times of beneficial microbicides. When spraying, ensure that the medicine flows to the rhizomes of the seedlings. After water control seedlings 20-30 days.

4. The initial flowering period begins from flowering to sitting on the first spike. The temperature is controlled at 24-26°C during the day and 12-14°C at night. Pay attention to controlling the night temperature to prevent leggy. The first flower opened by a tomato is generally destroyed in time to avoid affecting the fruit set in the same flower. Before the first fruit is caught, it is not advisable to go to bed early. Generally, the beak is about 10-12 cm long and it is knocked out.

5. The management of the fruit-bearing period in a timely manner around the vine, in time to fight smashing, destroy the old leaves under the first ear fruit, increase ventilation and light transmission, to prevent the occurrence of diseases. According to the growth of the plants, generally 2-3 fruits are kept in the first ear, 2 are weakly reserved, and 3 are strong. Then the amount of fruit per ear is more than 4 per ear. The sooner the fruit thinning, the better. The waste of nutrients.

In the early stage of fruit set, medium temperature management is used to maintain the temperature during the day and to control the temperature at night, that is, to reduce the night temperature and prevent leggy. It is generally 26-28°C during the day and 10-12°C during the night. At the same time, it is necessary to increase the amount of ventilation and promote gas exchange in the shed.

After the first fruit is set, the first topdressing is performed. Fertilize 15 kg of potassium per acre with high nitrogen and low phosphorus, and then do not need to top-dress before the second fruit in the fruit expansion period. If the plant shows symptoms of water deficiency, Pour empty water.

6. Expanding fruit management During the fruit enlargement period of tomato fruit, medium and high temperature management is used to maintain the daytime temperature of 25-28°C and the nighttime temperature of not less than 8°C. At this time, it is the coldest time of the year (from late December to mid-January). In order to improve the tomato plant's resistance to low temperature and low light, choose Bijing 3g/mu or Biou 30ml/mu foliar spray. , 7 days or so.

7. Picking period management Early harvesting period (early February to mid-March): This period uses medium and high temperature management, 26-28°C during the day and 12°C at night. The folded leaves in the middle of the lower old leaves and the plantlets were destroyed in time to reduce the invalid leaves and increase the permeability between the leaves. If the tomato grows normally, use 20 kg of potassium per acre with low phosphorus and 20 kg of potassium fertilizer to promote fruit swell. If the growth is not good, there are no new roots. Plants that have burping phenomenon around noon will not be able to fertilize them when they are watering. They must first pour a small amount of water to apply a beneficial micro-bacterial agent, 500 grams per mu, and then produce new roots. Watering and then replenishing. This stage can be sprayed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate 100g/mu + 40g/mu of Sere calcium.

Harvesting period (from the end of March to the end of May): Keep at 26-28°C during the day, and keep at 10-12°C in the evening. Pay special attention to the evening and place grasshoppers at the end of the evening. Weather forecast. In the sunny morning, small water and large water combined with pouring, once every 7 days, three water and two fertilizers, top-dressing with small water, pouring empty water with big water. Fertilizer use high nitrogen and low phosphorus potassium fertilization, 15-20 kg per mu. If the tomato growth is not very good, you can spray Ciba potassium dihydrogen, 100 grams per acre; if the tomato symptoms of calcium deficiency, you can use Caesar Spray calcium, 40 grams per acre. In time, the vine was selected and the sunny afternoon was selected. The old leaves at the bottom were removed and the tomato growing point was maintained at about 1.5 meters after falling.

8. In the middle and later stages of the management, the principle of controlling the fertilizer and promoting the water should be mastered, and no fertilizer should be applied. However, the water should be diligently poured and a small amount of water should be poured every 7 days. After the fruit has been picked, all the following leaves are to be destroyed, and the leaves in the middle of the two rows must be destroyed. After the leaves are finished, they must be covered in time and be highly mastered at 1.5-1.7 meters.

Third, pest and disease control

(I) Major disease control measures:

1. Seed disinfection.

2. Seed bed disinfection.

3. Spray and prevent disease before seedlings and before planting.

4. Plastic film cover cultivation. Irrigation under the membrane. Putting the wind in the early morning, smart release, reduce the humidity inside the greenhouse.

5. Apply sufficient manure, with phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and calcium, magnesium fertilizer.

6. The removal of the petals remaining on the fruit 7-10 days after fruit set, can effectively prevent the occurrence of gray mold.

7. Early removal of diseased leaves and diseased fruits, concentrated burning or deep burial.

8. When the conditions of gray mold, late blight and leaf mold develop rapidly, 36-38°C high temperature can be used for 2 hours.

9. Control of pesticide application in the early stage of the disease. The agents used are:

Prevention of Botrytis cinerea: Botrytis cinerea, Acetylzinc (Aetnax), Acetaminophen, 50% Carbendazim, 65% Trimycin, 50% Clomazone, etc.

Controlling leaf mold: leafy leaf net smoke agent, Prosin Zinc (Antai), 43% tebuconazole (Holik), difenoconazole.

Prevention and treatment of late blight: chlorothalonil smoke agent, Gram-negative crop fume agent, 72% Kelu, 69% Zn-Mn, 50% Methacrylate, 18% mesalamine Mn-Zn.

(II) Main pest control measures

1. Fighting with dichlorvos to kill remaining pests before colonization of the colonization shed. For every 100 cubic meters of space use dichlorvos 25 grams mixed 125 grams of sawdust.

2. Eradicate weeds inside and outside the shed.

3. The air outlet hangs 20-mesh gauze to prevent external insects from flying in.

4. Hang yellow sticky boards inside the shed to trap and kill maggots and whitefly. There are 20 yellow boards hanging per acre of greenhouse.

5. In the initial period of pests, timely application of pesticides control, the use of pesticides are: control of aphids: 50% anti-influenced, 21% eradication, 20% fenvalerate, 4.5% cypermethrin and so on. Whitefly control: Extermination of smoke; 10% buprofezin, 20% extinction, 10% chrysanthemum, 10% flumethrin, etc.

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