Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have developed a new approach to producing lab-on-a-chip diagnostics for inexpensive and reusable diagnostics using only one conventional inkjet printer. ".

According to Baidu Encyclopedia's explanation, the chip laboratory refers to the integration or basic integration of basic operation units such as sample preparation, biological and chemical reactions, and separation detection in the fields of biology and chemistry into a chip of several square centimeters. A technique for performing different biological or chemical reaction processes and analyzing their products.

Ron Davis, a professor of biochemistry and genetics at the Stanford Genomics Technology Center, said the new technology will reduce the cost of a single chip to one cent, making it possible to revolutionize medical diagnostics like low-cost genome sequencing.

The technical paper was published on February 6th in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Scien CES. Davis is the lead author of the paper, and Rahim Esfandyarpour, another engineering researcher at the Genomics Technology Center, is the first author.

Stanford Engineering Researcher Rahim Esfandyarpour

Cheap chip lab technology can improve the diagnostic capabilities of the world, especially in developing countries. Due to the lack of opportunities for early diagnosis, the survival rate of breast cancer patients in low-income countries is only 40%, only half of the developed countries. Other deadly diseases, such as malaria, tuberculosis and AIDS, are also relatively high in morbidity and mortality in developing countries. Considering the high cost of many diagnostic equipment, this situation will change if this technology allows patients to be diagnosed early in the disease.

“Being able to detect disease early is one of the biggest opportunities for us to have effective treatment,” Esfandyarpour said. “Perhaps $1 is not a problem in the US, but in some developing countries, this is no small expense. ”

Two components of the chip lab

The lab can be divided into two parts: the first part is the chip itself, including a clean silicone microfluidic chamber for cells, and reusable electronic strips. The second part is a conventional ink jet printer that prints commercially available conductive nanoparticle ink onto a flexible polyester sheet to form an electronic strip.

Esfandyarpour said: "Our goal is to eliminate the need for cleanroom facilities and the professionals needed to produce inspection equipment." The production time of such a chip takes only about 20 minutes.

Tracking cells often requires the use of fluorescent or magnetic labels. As a versatile platform, the lab can allow users to analyze different cell types without the use of fluorescent or magnetic labels.

This chip distinguishes the cell type by the inherent electrical properties of the cell: when a voltage is applied across the strip of inkjet printing, the cells in the microfluidic chamber will be different due to their "polarization". Directional motion, a process known as dielectrophoresis. This method of analyzing cells that does not require labeling not only greatly improves the accuracy, but also reduces the previously time-consuming labeling process.

This approach is primarily for small sample analysis and is suitable for many different types of tests. The researchers showed how to use this device to capture individual cells from a sample, isolate rare cells, and count the number of cells based on the type of cell. This versatile biochip significantly reduces the cost of testing compared to the need to use different devices for each different operation. For example, a stand-alone flow cytometer for classification and technology costs $100,000, and this does not take into account operating costs.

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