Short is an excellent local bitter gourd variety, mainly distributed in Silla, Yongding, Shanghang and other places in Longyan City. This variety is rich in nutrition, dense and crispy in meat quality, good in quality, low in moisture, and bitter in taste, and is favored by consumers. In addition, it is resistant to storage and transportation, extensive management, moderate yield, less pests and diseases, is an ideal pollution-free vegetable, and has broad cultivation prospects. The characteristics and main points of cultivation techniques are introduced as follows:

First, characteristics. The plant grows at high margins, with strong branching, palmate pentagonal leaves, deeply split, leaves 21 cm in length, 13.5 cm in width, and 10 cm in petiole length. The first female flower was born in the 8th section of the main vine. The fruit is spindle-shaped. The skin of the product is light green and white, and the ripe fruit is orange-red. Fruit surface has ridges, large and dense nodular protrusions, no wax powder, bristle. The fruit has a horizontal diameter of 6 cm and a vertical diameter of 6.5 cm. Generally, the weight of a single fruit is 170 grams, the maximum weight is 500-600 grams, and the average yield per mu is 1,000 kg, and the maximum fruit weight can reach 1250 kg. It is a medium-maturing variety. It has 110 days from sowing to harvesting and 90 days from planting to harvesting. It has strong heat resistance, weak cold resistance, drought resistance, and strong resistance to diseases and insects.

Main points of cultivation techniques

1. Selection of melon planting: Select melon seedlings from the main vine section 10-12. This kind of melon planting has high yield, early fruiting, and has the characteristics of morning market.

2. Sowing and seedling cultivation: Short bitter gourds are mainly planted in spring and autumn in Longyan. In recent years, new cultivation modes such as early spring cultivation and delayed autumn, and high season off-season have been gradually promoted. Improving cultivation in early spring such as using two-layer cover (small Arch shed + plastic film) or spring open field cultivation (small arch shed in seedling stage) is sown in early February to early March; autumn sowing is sown in early July; extended autumn cultivation is sown in mid-August to early September. Seed 0.2 kg per acre. Soak the seeds in warm water at 55 ° C for 15 minutes before sowing, and then continue soaking at room temperature for 36-48 hours. After scrubbing, set the temperature at 30 ° C to promote germination, and rinse once a day with warm water. When 70-80% of the seeds are exposed, they are sown in a pre-prepared nutrition bowl. The cover film and small arch shed planted early in spring. Pay attention to removing the film and temperature management at any time after emergence, and carry out 5-7 days before planting. Seedlings are generally transplanted at 3 leaves and 1 heart.

3. Soil preparation and fertilization: Select plots with deep soil layers, fertile soil, convenient drainage and irrigation, and at least 3 years of uncultivated melon crops. The previous crop should be turned deeper about 25 cm after harvest, and 50-75 kg of lime should be sprayed per acre. Before digging, furrow and apply basal fertilizer, apply 1500-2000 kg of rotten organic fertilizer per acre, add 30-40 kg of superphosphate, 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate, 15-20 kg of cake fertilizer, and then cover the soil to make hoe. It is 100-120 cm deep, with a deep groove of 60-80 cm in width and 25-35 cm in height. Early spring planting should be covered with mulch, and the soil surface should be covered with soil blocks after being covered with mulch.

4. Planting: When the seedlings grow to 3 leaves and 1 heart, choose sunny day planting, double-row planting per plant, the plant distance is 1 meter from the spring planting and 0.8 meter from the autumn planting. In the early spring, the plastic film at the planting hole was cut into a round hole according to the planting distance, and a certain planting hole was dug. The seedlings in the seedling bowl (bag) were taken out of the soil and planted in the hole. After planting, water the planting water in time after planting.

5. Field management: 3-5 days after planting, 10% of the rotten man ’s urine can be applied as seedling fertilizer, and 20% of the rotten man ’s urine or 15:15:15 compound fertilizer per acre can be applied after 7-8 days. -5 kg, 5-6 kg urea poured on water. When the first melon grows to the size of broad bean pods, apply 20% of the decomposed human and animal dung urine, or pour water with 15 kg of urea per acre. After the first batch of melons were harvested, deep plant-to-plant application was performed, and 20 kg of compound fertilizer at 15:15:15 per acre was applied. During the full fruit period, 500 kg of feces urine water plus 3 kg of urea, 5 kg of superphosphate, and 5-8 kg of potassium sulfate were applied every 5-7 days. Residual film should be recovered in time if it is covered with plastic film to facilitate fertilization. After the fertilization in the greenhouse, the film should be uncovered and ventilated, so as to avoid the high concentration of ammonia in the greenhouse and causing fertilizer damage. Soil moisture should be properly controlled in the early spring greenhouse cultivation to increase soil temperature. In the spring and rainy season, we must clear the ditch. In case of drought, timely watering should be combined with fertilization, or furrow irrigation. Use a bamboo or wooden bar of 3 meters to build a herringbone with a height of about 2.5 meters. When the plant grows to 30 cm, it will be introduced into the shelf. When the main vine grows to 50 cm or more, the whole vine will begin to spread. The side vines at the base will be cut off. The first female flower on the main vine is generally removed, and the second female flower is allowed to bear fruit. When pruning, all side branches below 50 cm are cut off, and yellow leaves and thin side branches are removed at any time to facilitate ventilation and light transmission. When there are fewer insects that transmit pollen, artificial pollination should be performed. The pollination should be performed on the male and female flowers that open on the day at 6-7 am. When pollination, the male flowers are picked first, the corolla is removed, and the pollen is gently coated on the stigma of female Just fine.

6. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: The main diseases are blight, blight, anthracnose, blight and powdery mildew. Seeds were sterilized by soaking in formalin 100 times for 30 minutes. Rhizoctonia solani and cataplexy disease can be controlled with 200 mg / kg of agricultural streptomycin or 50% formex double wettable powder 800 times plus 72% pleic water 800 times liquid spray. Anthracnose is treated with 1000% solution of 25% phentermine wettable powder or 400-600 times solution of 70% methylfu mixture wettable powder in the early stage of onset. Powdery mildew is controlled with 6000-8000 times solution of 25% nitrilconazole emulsifiable concentrate, or 2000-2500 times solution of 25% powder rust rather wet powder. Fusarium wilt prevention is controlled by irrigating the roots with 300% diacid copper (copper succinate fertilizer) wettable powder 300 times or 50% carbendazim wettable powder 500 times. Insect pests mainly include Shou melon, Melon silkworm, and aphid. Huang Shouquan uses 40% fenvalerate 8000 times solution or 8,000 times solution to kill adults, and 90% trichlorfon 1500-2000 times solution to control larvae. Melon silkworm is controlled with 1500 times of 0.5% methylaminoavermectin (three reams) EC, or 1000 times of 40% chlorpyrifos (Xinnongbao) EC. Aphids are sprayed with 20% of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder and 50 kg of water per acre.

7. Timely harvesting: When the young melons are fully grown, the melon stripe-like protrusions are obvious, the skin is shiny, and the color of the fruit top can be harvested when it starts to change from green to white. Results The harvest was performed once every 5-6 days in the initial stage and once every 2-3 days during the full fruit period.

3. Seed retention technology: Because bitter gourd is an insect-pollinated cross-pollination crop, it is easy to hybridize with other bitter melon varieties to produce hybrids. Therefore, the reserved field must be naturally isolated, that is, no other bitter melon varieties can be within 1000 meters. The bitter gourd usually takes 18-20 days from flowering to seed maturity. When the lower part of the melon is just beginning to appear orange-red, it is planted in time when the melon has not cracked. The picked seed melon needs to be post-ripened for about 2 days, and then the seed is cut out, and then the pupae outside the seed coat are washed with water, dried and stored under aeration.

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