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Poplar and pasture three-dimensional cultivation
First, the selection of pasture varieties. (1) Alfalfa and leguminous perennial herbaceous plants with well-developed root system, cold-resistance, drought-tolerance, and tolerance-infertility. They have a life expectancy of more than 5 years, high nutritional value, and at the same time, their roots have a nitrogen-fixing effect. (2) Sudan grass, which is a 1-year-old grass family, has a high yield, and it can be cut 8 times a year. (3) Ryegrass, which is a perennial or annual plant of the ryegrass, grows fast, has more tillers, and has strong fertility. The stems and leaves are soft and smooth, and the quality is good. Second, intercropping mode. (1) Wide forest type: mainly grass. Poplar spacing is 3 meters, spacing is 30 to 50 meters, and 67 to 111 trees are planted per hectare. Grows sudangrass and ryegrass between rows. (2) Wide-line and narrow-line inter-forest zone type: The forest and grass should be weighed. The poplars should be 3 meters away from each other, with a narrow row spacing of 4 meters, a wide row spacing of 50 to 80 meters and 123 to 196 plants per hectare. The alfalfa and other pastures are planted in a narrow row, and the wide-row planting pattern is the same as that of the broad-leaved forest belt type. (3) The forest type: mainly poplar. Poplar spacing is 55 meters or 66 meters, and 278 to 400 poplars are planted per hectare. Species such as alfalfa are planted under the forest. As the most prosperous period of alfalfa is 2 to 4 years old, the productivity declines after the 5th year, and coincides with the closure of poplar forests year after year. Therefore, planting alfalfa is most suitable. Third, artificial cultivation. Pay attention to site preparation and use tractors for deep plowing. The depth should be 20-25 cm. After deep plowing, the ground should be leveled and organic fertilizer applied. At the same time when the line ditch, for the width of 1.5 to 2.5 meters, 0.4 meters wide groove, 0.2 meters deep. Before sowing, seed selection, soaking, germination and disinfection should be carried out. Legume seeds 1 kg warm water 1.5 to 2 kg, soak 24 to 28 hours. Seed sowing after germination. Alfalfa, rye grass can be sowed in spring and autumn. Seeding capacity, alfalfa 11.2 to 30 kg/ha. Seeding is generally used sowing, spacing is generally 20 to 30 cm, sowing depth of 1.5 to 3 cm. When poplars are planted, they should be selected mainly in the spring season, and they can also be transplanted with leaves in autumn when the lye is better. Seedlings should be soaked for more than 72 days before planting. When planting, the tree points should be filled with enough water, and then, in accordance with the requirements of “three burying, two stepping, and one mentioning seedlings,†they should be righted, cultivated and practical. Fourth, management points: (1) weeding weeding. To remove the dicotyledonous weeds in the pasture grassland, 2 years before the poplar is planted, 1 square meter of open space should not be planted around the poplar to prevent the trees from competing for moisture. (2) Fertilization. 1 to 2 years old saplings, each plant applies 0.6 to 1.5 kg of urea. At the same time, 1 kilogram of phosphate fertilizer and 0.1 kilogram of potassium fertilizer were applied to each plant, which was carried out in the late 5th, 6th and 7th months. In addition to pasturing the farmland with fertilizers, the pasture should be topdressed during the growing season. Grazing grass has a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and should be dominated by nitrogen fertilizer, combined with phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer. Sudangrass and ryegrass were topdressed 2 times during the seedling stage. Each time urea was topdressed with 79 to 112.5 kg/ha, and after each castration, topdressing was 100 kg/ha of urea. During the alfalfa period, topdressing was performed 2 times. After the cutting, 375 kg/ha of phosphate fertilizer and 30 kg/ha of potassium fertilizer were applied. (3) Irrigation. From grass tillage before flowering, leguminous herbage needs the most amount of water from the bud to the flower before flowering, which is an important period of irrigation. After the pasture is cut off and before freezing, it should be filled with water. Fifth, pest and disease control. Poplar diseases and diseases include ulcer disease, Mulberry, and Susuke. Poplar canker disease is generally at the peak of onset in May and September. After the main or collateral lesions are scraped off with a knife, 70% thiophanate-methyl or 50% eutectic 0.5% solution is applied to control. Sangtianni was treated with ganbuterbuzen or a 0.5% solution of 0.5% tetromycin. Sang Tianniu is a pest that kills stems. In the active period of larvae, poison sticks or 1% of monocrotophos solution is inserted into the latest excretion hole of trunk or collaterals. Forage diseases mainly include Sclerotinia, downy mildew, rust, and roundworms. The disease can be controlled with Bordeaux mixture, lime sulfur, carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl, and the like.