In the branch of agrochemical products, there is an ancient and novel category - biostimulants. According to the definition of the European Biostimulant Industry Council (EBIC): substances containing certain components and/or microorganisms, when applied to crops or their rhizosphere, can promote the natural physiological metabolism of crops and enhance the absorption of nutrients. And utilization, improve abiotic stress resistance, improve quality and yield. According to the source: including humic acid, amino acids, small peptides, oligomeric polysaccharides, seaweed polysaccharides, chitosan, molasses ferment, soil beneficial microorganisms and their metabolites, alkaloids (betaine) and so on. The following focuses on the role and difference of amino acids, fulvic acid, and humic acid. Amino acid An amino acid is a generic term for a class of organic compounds containing an amino group and a carboxyl group. The basic constituent unit of biologically functional macromolecular protein is the basic substance that constitutes the protein required for animal and plant nutrition. It is an organic compound containing a basic amino group and an acidic carboxyl group. The amino group attached to the α-carbon is an α-amino acid. The amino acids constituting the protein are all α-amino acids. One of the roles in plants is to directly participate in the various physiological activities of plants and the synthesis of endogenous hormones in plants. production method 1 acid hydrolysis The production cost is low, the process is relatively simple, and hydrolysis treatment is carried out using hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid. Characteristics ◠The hydroxy amino acid (serine, threonine) is partially decomposed during acid hydrolysis. ◠Arginine loses ammonia when it is alkaline. These amino acids have specific growth regulation effects on plants. ◠Tryptophan is completely destroyed by boiling acid. Tryptophan is a precursor of auxin synthesis, and the loss will affect the auxin content. ◠Low nucleotide content, most of which is destroyed. ◠The amino acid produced has a high chloride ion content. 2 fermentation method Can be divided into direct fermentation method and addition of precursor method. Characteristics ◠Strict requirements for fermenting bacteria. ◠The product concentration is low, the degree of hydrolysis is difficult to control, and the production cycle is long. 3 enzymatic hydrolysis Compared with the acid hydrolysis method, the cost is relatively high. Characteristics ◠The amino acid species are more comprehensive and have higher oligopeptide content. ◠Less harmful substances, beneficial ingredients are not easily destroyed, and the activity is high. The role of amino acids is as follows: 1 provides the basic ingredients for protein synthesis. 2 Provide plants with high quality nitrogen sources, carbon sources and energy. 3 Provide nutrients (septic bacteria) for rhizosphere microorganisms. 4 passivation of a variety of heavy metal elements, reduce its toxic side effects, reduce fertilizer damage; also have a certain inhibitory effect on nitrate. 5 anti-reverse effects: improve crop tolerance to drought, high temperature, salt stress, especially small molecule peptides (small amount of amino acid polymer) can scavenge free radicals, anti-oxidation, anti-heavy metal toxicity, and restore crop disease is extremely strong. 6 complex (chelating) a variety of medium and trace elements, providing plants with stable chelated (complexed) mineral elements (calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper, manganese, etc.), which can be quickly absorbed and utilized by plants; Functional role of amino acid (fertilizer) Amino acid fertilizer uses plant amino acid as a substrate, and utilizes its great surface activity and adsorption retention ability. When used as a fertilizer, it will add some trace elements (calcium, magnesium, iron, copper, manganese, zinc, etc.) required for plant growth and development. Boron, molybdenum, etc., organic and inorganic complexes formed by kneading (complexation); not only can maintain the slow release and full utilization of a large number of elements, but also ensure the stability and long-term effect of trace elements; It can enhance plant respiration, improve plant redox process, and promote the good metabolism of plants. At the same time, it can promote the formation of photosynthesis and chlorophyll, and promote and activate physiological and biochemical processes such as activity of active enzymes, seed germination, nutrient absorption, root growth and development. In particular, its affinity with plants is unmatched by any other substance. Fulvic acid The mineral source Fulvic Acid (FA) is a short carbon chain molecular structure material extracted from natural humic acid. It is the water-soluble part with the lowest molecular weight and the highest active group content in humic acid. Its functional group The interaction reflects a variety of specific physicochemical properties. After entering the plant body, it can exert a variety of physiological functions. By inhibiting or activating the enzyme, it acts on the metabolism of the plant body, reflecting the obvious stimulating effect. The secretion and regulation of the source hormones and the enhancement of the body's immune function play a therapeutic role. Functional characteristics The fulvic acid has the general characteristics of humic acid, that is, one has a small molecular weight and is easily absorbed by the organism; the other is that it has a large functional group content, which is larger than the physiological activity of the general humic acid, and the metal ion network. The ability to combine is relatively strong; the third is that humic acid can be directly dissolved in water, the aqueous solution of these salts is alkaline, and the fulvic acid can be directly dissolved in water, and the aqueous solution becomes acidic. The mineral source fulvic acid is a broad-spectrum plant growth regulator. It should be called a bio-stimulant in the most fashionable way. It has the ability to promote plant growth, especially to control the openness of crop leaf stomata, reduce transpiration, and fight drought. An important role can improve the ability to resist stress, increase production and improve quality. Functional role of ore source fulvic acid 1 Exciting plant activity: An unknown growth-promoting factor with high biological activity enhances oxidase activity and other metabolic activities in plant strains. Although fulvic acid does not contain hormonal substances, it shows a similar effect to chemically synthesized auxins, cytokinins, abscisic acid and other plant hormones, and plays a comprehensive role in plant growth and development. Regulating effect. 2 Enhance crop stress resistance: The source fulvic acid has a significant function of cold resistance and drought resistance. 3 Slow release fertilizer: Improve the utilization of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and improve soil aggregate structure. 4 Chelation of micronutrients: Strong complexing ability, improve the absorption and operation of plant trace elements, so that it can be better used for plants. 5 Control plant diseases and enhance disease resistance: The source of fulvic acid as a pesticide synergist to improve the control effect, but can not replace pesticides. 6 anti-flocculation, with buffer, good solubility: strong interaction with metal ions. Its anti-flocculation ability is significantly higher than that of humic acid and similar products. It can be dissolved in any acid-alkaline water of pH1~14, flocculates in high-calcium-magnesium hard-water saturated brine without precipitation, and has good stability and strong anti-electrolyte ability. Humic acid Humic Acid (HA) is a plant and animal remains, mainly plant remains, through the decomposition and transformation of microorganisms, and a series of complex geochemical reactions and accumulated organic substances. It is a high molecular organic acid composed of aromatic and its various functional groups, and has good physiological activity and functions of absorption, complexation and exchange. Classification of humic acid The main elemental composition of humic acid is carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, and is a polycondensate of a polyvalent phenolic aromatic compound and a nitrogen compound. Widely distributed in low-grade coal, soil, water sediments, animal manure, organic fertilizers, animal and plant residues, etc. According to the solubility and color classification in the solvent, it can be divided into three components: 1 is dissolved in acetone or ethanol, called brown humic acid; 2 is insoluble in acetone, it is called black humic acid; 3 is soluble in water or diluted. The part of the acid is called fulvic acid. The function of humic acid 1 stimulate physiological metabolism Humic acid contains a variety of active functional genes, which can enhance the activity of catalase and polyphenol oxidase in crops, stimulate physiological metabolism and promote growth and development. For example, humic acid can promote early germination of seeds, and the emergence rate is high, especially at low temperatures; it can stimulate the division and growth of root meristem cells, so that the roots of the seedlings are fast, the roots are increased, the roots are increased, and the roots are elongated. Increase the ability of crops to absorb water and nutrients. Therefore, the nutrient supply is sufficient, the crop stems are fast and robust, the foliage is flourishing, the photosynthesis is enhanced, the nutrient is accelerated to the fruiting body, and the fruit is prematurely colored and matured. 2 change the characteristics of fertilizer Humic acid contains carboxyl, phenolic hydroxyl and other functional groups, has strong ion exchange and adsorption capacity, can make ammonium bicarbonate reduce the loss of ammonium nitrogen, and improve the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. The oxidatively degraded nitro-humic acid can inhibit the activity of urease and reduce the volatilization of urea. The degraded nitro-humic acid increases the distance of phosphorus movement in the soil, inhibits the fixation of water-soluble phosphorus in the soil, converts the available phosphorus into delayed-effect phosphorus, and promotes the absorption of phosphorus by the root. Humic acid and poorly soluble trace elements can chelate and form humic acid trace element chelate which is well absorbed by crops, which is beneficial to the absorption of trace elements by roots and leaves. 3 improved soil structure Humic acid can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, regulate soil pH, regulate soil water, fertilizer, gas, heat and other conditions, increase soil exchange capacity, achieve acid-base balance, improve soil water and fertilizer retention capacity, and promote soil microbial activities. Increase the number of aerobic bacteria, actinomycetes, and cellulolytic bacteria, accelerate the decomposition and conversion of organic substances, promote the release of nutrients, and facilitate the absorption of nutrients by crops. 4 enhanced resistance to stress Humic acid can reduce the stomata opening strength of plant leaves, reduce leaf transpiration, thereby reducing water consumption, improving the water status of plants, ensuring normal growth and development of crops under drought conditions, and enhancing drought resistance. Humic acid is mostly amphoteric colloid, which has large surface activity and inhibits fungi. It can enhance crop coldness, be easily adsorbed by cell membrane, change cell membrane permeability, promote absorption of inorganic nutrients, prevent rot disease, root rot, and reduce pests and diseases. . 5 improve the quality of the child Humic acid can form complexes or chelates with trace elements, increase the amount of trace elements moving from the roots to the leaves or other parts, regulate the ratio and balance of macroelements and trace elements, and strengthen the enzymes to sugar, starch, and protein. , the synthesis of fat and various vitamins. It can promote the activity of the enzyme, convert the polysaccharide into soluble monosaccharide, increase the synthetic accumulation of starch, protein and fatty substances, accelerate the metabolism of the primary products from the stems or leaves to the fruits and seeds, and make the fruit full and thick. 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