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Ridged fertilization
In the first half of April, ridges are laid and 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of organic manure is applied per acre before ridging, and then a large-scale tractor is equipped with a rotary cultivator and a variety of farm tools such as a fertilizer and a double seeder to protect the ploughing and supporting. The ridges, spraying, and fertilization are completed once. When ridges are ridged, 45% NPK compound fertilizer is applied to the ridge bottom with an amount of 40-50 kilograms per acre and cultivating in a ridge as a core fertilizer. The width of the ridge is 80-90 cm and the height is 28-30 cm. It requires deep ridges, uniform ridge spacing, and flat ridges.
Timely planting
When the seedlings grow 7-8 leaves, they can transplant the field. It is appropriate to plant seedlings in the mid-April in the mid-April of the spring-covered spring potato in the Central Plains. Each ridge was planted in a row, and horizontal oblique insertion method was adopted. Shallow depth was 5 cm. Plant spacing was 22-25 cm. About 3,000 trees were planted per acre and watered after planting.
Management of hair root return
Spring potato planted 5-7 days after the timely inspection of seedlings, found that lack of seedlings broken ridge field, to make up for timely and healthy seedlings, after planting to be permeable, promote rapid emergence of late seedlings to ensure that the whole seedlings. The return period of rooting is the period of frequent occurrence of the ground tiger. It can be used to trap or kill artificially caught enemy bait in the field. In addition, in the areas where there are more incidences, we must also pay attention to the prevention of root rot and stem nematode disease during this period of time. To prevent and treat the root rot, bromine isocyanuric acid can be used to irrigate the roots by 1500 times; for the prevention and treatment of nematodes, thiophanate-methyl can be used 1000 times. Liquid immersed seedlings, reduce the disease rate of potato seedlings to reduce the incidence of disease.
Branch and potato management
Usually, the spring potato begins to form roots in 12-15 days after planting, and the root shape of the roots can be seen 40-59 days after planting. This period is the branching and potato stage of the spring potato. During the branching and potato period, the following work should be done:
When the spring main potato vine grows 40-50 cm long, there is no covered land, after the rain to carry out cultivator weeding, if the drought should be timely irrigation, in order to facilitate the expansion of spring and potato stems and root swelling early. The ridges were once ridged before the ridge closure, and at the same time, the “three ditches†of the ditch, gutter, and head sulcus were matched and dredged.
The management of stems and leaves with long root swelling
After 60-99 days of planting, the stems and leaves of the spring potato are long tuberous roots. During this period, the number of tubers is basically stable. The growth of stems and leaves gradually reaches a peak, and 30% to 50% of the total root weight is also formed at this stage. In order to prevent the growth of spring potato stems and leaves, we must promptly spray plant growth regulators to control, can use 80-100 grams of dilute amines per acre 30 kg of water spray, or 80 grams of paclobutrazol spray 30 kg of water. This stage of spraying multiple microelement fertilizers, such as 0.5% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, can accelerate root enlargement.
During this time, low-toxicity and low-residue chemical pesticides should be used in time to prevent pests such as sweetpotato tussock and Spodoptera litura. Use 800-1000 times the liquid trichlorfon irrigation, the effect is better.
The management of the prolonged stems and leaves of tubers
After the spring potato is planted for 100 days, it enters the long-lasting stems and leaves of the shuck. From this time until harvesting, the growth of stems and leaves of the shiitake grows from a high to low, turning to the expansion of the tuber, and the total weight of the tuber equals the total weight. 40%-50% of potato weight, up to 70%.
During the prolonged period of the potato block, timely irrigation should be performed during the drought. This is especially important to ensure the increase of production of the spring potato. It can be filled once every 10 days until the drought is lifted. The depth of irrigation is 1/3 of the ridge height and the irrigation should be stopped before the harvest.
In order to prevent the premature decline of the spring potato and promote the rapid expansion of the potato mass, multiple fertilizers can be sprayed on the leaves, or fertilizers such as urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied by points to adjust the nitrogen and carbon metabolism, strengthen the leaf function, and accelerate the accumulation of dry matter. Ensure the bumpy harvest of spring potatoes and the quality of commodity potatoes.
Tightly grasping the high yield and quality of "three stages and four stages" of spring potato
Traditional sweet potato cultivation has the problems of high cost and low yield, which restricts the development of sweet potato production to a large extent. The non-pollution "three stages and four stages" high-yield cultivation techniques of spring potatoes advocated in recent years have solved these problems well. “Three stages†refers to three periods during the growth process of the spring potato, namely sweet potato seedling stage, field cultivation stage, and harvest storage stage; “four stages†is a further subdivision of the field cultivation stage, that is, the root return period, Branch and tuber stages, stems and leaves of the long tuber root swelling period, stems and leaves gradually decayed potato block accelerated expansion. If we do a good job of "three stages, four stages," we can increase the yield of spring potatoes to 3,000-4,000 kilograms, which is far beyond the current average level. This technology is well worth promoting in the Central Plains. Since the spring planting period has passed, the following focuses on the technical points of the field management stage.