Disinfection refers to a technique or measure that kills or eliminates pathogens in the environment by physical, chemical, or biological means. It can reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms in farms, vehicles and various contaminated bodies to the minimum or harmless extent. Disinfection can kill pathogens in the environment, cut off the route of transmission, and prevent the spread or spread of the disease. As the majority of farmers do not have a clear understanding of the concept of disinfection, the following section focuses on the general knowledge of disinfection. First, the main method of disinfection and mechanism of action 1, the mechanism of action of disinfecting drugs that sterilization, the most basic of the following three A. Destroying the wall of the bacteria destroys the perforation of the outer wall of the cells or cell membranes of the bacteria, resulting in the death of the bacteria. B. Denaturation of the bacterial proteins Proteins of the bacterial proteins are denatured by disinfectants and lost their vitality due to inactivation. 2, the choice of disinfectants Clinically many types of disinfectants, according to the chemical properties of phenols, aldehydes, alcohols, acids, alkalis, chlorine preparations, oxidants, iodine preparations, heavy metal salts and surfactants, etc., Effective and economical disinfection must be carefully selected according to the circumstances. Quality disinfectants should meet the following requirements. B. A wide range of disinfection can kill bacteria, viruses, mold, algae and other harmful microorganisms. F, disinfectant pH to be suitable for iodine preparations, acids, Lysol and other anionic disinfectants in the acidic environment of the enhanced bactericidal effect; and cationic disinfectant plus Benzoem, etc. in the alkaline environment of bactericidal enhanced. Leuconostoc Mesenteroides,Leuconostoc Mesenteroide,Leuconostoc Mesenteroides Powder,Leuconostoc Mesenteroides Treatment Jiangsu Biodep Biotechnology Co. ,Ltd. , https://www.mbioda.com
Disinfection methods can be summarized as physical disinfection, chemical disinfection and biological disinfection.
(1) Physical disinfection refers to the removal or killing of pathogens in the environment and articles through physical methods such as mechanical cleaning, flushing, ventilation, irradiation, high temperature, and drying.
1. Mechanical Cleaning, Scrubbing Removal of pathogens through mechanical cleaning and flushing is the most commonly used method of disinfection, and it is also one of the daily health tasks.
2. Sunlight, ultraviolet radiation, and other radiations Sunlight exposure is the most economical and effective method of disinfection. It can directly kill a variety of pathogenic microorganisms through the action of ultraviolet rays in the spectrum and the effects of heat and drying.
3. High-temperature sterilization is the process of degeneration of proteins and nucleic acids in pathogenic microorganisms caused by thermodynamic effects, and ultimately causes the pathogen to lose its biological activity. It is usually classified into dry heat sterilization and moist heat sterilization. Livestock and poultry farms are commonly used for flame disinfection and sterilization.
The sterilizing effect of the flame burning sterilization method is obvious, and the operation is relatively simple. When pathogen resistance is strong, the feces, field, walls, cages, and other wastes can be sterilized by flame sterilization, and the dead animal carcasses, contaminated feed, and garbage can be incinerated.
(II) Chemical disinfection method In the prevention and control of epidemic diseases, various chemical disinfectants are often used to clean, soak, spray, and fumigate the places and articles contaminated by pathogenic microorganisms in order to achieve the purpose of killing pathogens.
C. Surrounding the surface of the bacteria prevents its respiration and allows bacteria to die without gas exchange or metabolic activity.
A. Disinfection has strong efficacy and can achieve predetermined disinfection purposes within a short period of time. For example, the sterilization rate is over 99%, and the duration of drug efficacy is long.
C. Various methods can be used for disinfection such as drinking, spraying, washing, rinsing and the like.
D. Strong penetrating power can infiltrate crevices, livestock manure, dust, litter and other organisms to kill pathogens.
E. Easily soluble in water is not affected by changes in water hardness and pH in the environment.
F, the nature of stability is not affected by light, heat, long-term storage effectiveness.
G. It is odorless, non-irritating, non-corrosive, non-toxic, and has no adverse side effects to humans and animals.
H. Low economic concentrations can also ensure efficacy.
3, measures to ensure the disinfection effect: to ensure the disinfection effect is the most important is to use an effective concentration of disinfectant directly contact with pathogens. The general disinfectant will affect the efficacy due to the presence of organic matter. Therefore, organic substances must be removed before disinfection. For this purpose, the following measures must be taken:
A. When there is a large amount of feces, pus, blood and other secretions, and excretions in the environment such as the removal of dirt, the pathogens will be mechanically protected by organic substances, and a large number of disinfectants combined with organic substances, the pathogens in the environment cannot be completely eliminated. Kill. Therefore, first remove the debris in the environment in time, thoroughly wash and clean the ground and cages, and chemical disinfection afterwards.
B. The concentration of the disinfectant should be within a certain range. The greater the concentration of the disinfectant, the more obvious the disinfectant effect. However, not all disinfecting products are suitable, and all disinfecting drugs cannot be blindly used in the operation process. For example, 70% alcohol has a good anti-virus effect.
C. Select the appropriate disinfectant according to the type of microorganism. The shape and metabolism of microorganisms are different, and the sensitivity to disinfectants is also different. For example, Gram-positive bacteria are easily inactivated in combination with cationic dyes, heavy metal salts, and detergents; the spores of bacteria are less likely to infiltrate disinfectants; the chemical structure of various disinfectants and the mechanism of action on microorganisms are different. The degree of killing of pathogens is also different.
D. The appropriate temperature and time for proper temperature increase can enhance the bactericidal ability of disinfection and shorten the time for disinfection. For example, when the ambient temperature rises by 10°C, the disinfection rate of phenolic disinfectants increases by more than 8 times, and the heavy metal salts increase by 2 to 5 times. When other conditions are the same, the longer the disinfectant and the object to be sterilized, the better the disinfection effect.
E. Controlling the humidity of the environment During the fumigation, the humidity has the greatest impact on the disinfection effect. For example, when peracetic acid and formaldehyde are fumigated, the relative humidity of the environment is 60-80%. When the humidity is too low, the disinfection effect can be greatly reduced. In most cases, the humidity is too low to reduce the concentration of the disinfectant, and the disinfectant is generally sprayed after the rinse has dried.
(C) Biological thermal disinfection refers to the method of accumulating heat, producing acid, killing sewage, rubbish, and other internal pathogens through stacking fermentation, sedimentation tank fermentation, and digester fermentation.
Second, the disinfection process
Disinfection of livestock and poultry houses: elimination of manure → high-pressure irrigation (for ground and cages) → drying → spray disinfection → formaldehyde fumigation (18 ml of formalin per square meter of space, 9 g of potassium permanganate, closed 24 hour).