In recent years, the apple of our country has gradually shifted to the apple eugenic area of ​​the Loess Plateau and has been transferred to the west and the north. These regions have good ecological environment, light and heat resources, and sufficient land and labor force for apple production. However, precipitation has become less of these. The restrictive factors for the development of apple in the region, especially the uneven distribution of the annual precipitation, low precipitation, and large evaporation, have seriously affected the development of the industry. For this reason, the development of water or water conservation measures for dryland orchards has become the focus of attention. In production, the fruit growers summed up a technique for covering orchards covering orchards, mainly in the following three aspects. Grass cover Orchard grass mulching is an effective measure to increase soil water storage capacity and reduce soil erosion and ground water evaporation. Long-term straw mulching can also improve the structure of soil aggregates, increase soil organic matter content, and increase soil fertility. Grass straw can be used for straw mulching, smashed straw, local weeds, etc. The thickness of grass cover is 15 to 20 centimeters, usually during the rainy season. In order to prevent the fire, you can press the soil on the grass, turn it into the soil after the grass rots, and then cover the new grass. The following technical points should be mastered in the orchard and grass cover: First, before covering the grass, it is generally necessary to reorganize the tree tray first, and then pour it through the water or wait for the rain and then cover the grass. The second is that if the grass cover has not been initially cooked, appropriate amounts of available nitrogen fertilizer should be applied, or the manure and urine should be poured after covering the grass to prevent the short-term denitrification of the soil caused by the maturity of the fresh grass and yellowing of the fruit trees. Grass cover thickness should be maintained at 15 to 20 cm all year round. Too thin will not achieve the effect of heat preservation, moisturizing, and weed killing; too thick spring soil temperature rises slowly and is not conducive to root absorption. The third is spring, wheat harvest and autumn can be covered with grass. Mature age planting gardens can be covered by the whole park. When there are not enough saplings or grass sources, it is possible to cover them within the tree cover or cover only the tree plates. Fourth, do not blindly flood the water after the grass is covered. Clay grass cover should be combined with ridge drainage. The fifth is to leave the root neck about 20 centimeters away to prevent water accumulation. Sixth, it is best to cover grass every year. After planting grass, spot soil pressure to prevent wind blows. Lamination Orchard mulching has many advantages. First, mulch can prevent large amounts of soil moisture from evaporating. It can save the moisture accumulated in summer for the annual use of fruit trees. Generally speaking, mulching can save more than half of water. The black film has a good heat absorption effect, so the black film can increase the ground temperature and promote the growth of fruit trees. Third, covering the black film can also block the sun and reduce weeds under the trees. Fourth, the film after fertilization can improve the soil, prevent the loss of fertility, and increase the fertilizer utilization rate. Fifth, the cover film can effectively prevent and insulate pests such as fruitworms, beetles and big gray elephant aphids into the ground. It has a significant effect on reducing the number of pests in the coming year. The coating is generally performed in spring or autumn. Before the soil is thawed in spring, the surface layer gathers the rising water vapor in the winter soil, and the water content is relatively large. To take advantage of this favorable time, top fertilizer is applied and covered. Autumn film is rushing to the third peak of fruit tree root growth. At this time, the most significant effect is to cover the mulch, which can delay the fall of temperature, resist drought and moisturize, extend the active period of root growth, and significantly increase the number of new roots of fruit trees; It can improve the effect of autumn basal fertilizer, promote microbial activity, increase soil effective nutrients, and is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients in late fruit trees. In autumn, the film is generally applied after the base fertilizer is applied from late September to early winter and then watered or rained. Before coating, we must first clean up the branches, weeds, and gravel under the canopy, smash and grind the soil, make a smooth, high-rise, low-lying ridge. When the film is covered, the film should be tightly adhered to the ground. Soil compaction to prevent wind blows. Pay attention to the distance around the trunk of the fruit tree and compact it with soil to prevent the hot air under the membrane from burning the trunk. Usually, it is necessary to check frequently, especially when there is heavy wind and rain, in order to prevent damage to the plastic film and affect the coverage effect. At the edge of the mulching between the rows, excavate a ditch with a width of about 30 cm, and cover the grass in the ditch to collect excess rainwater and store it. Sand cover The sand-covered orchard not only has the effect of preventing large amounts of soil moisture from evaporating, but it can also increase the ground temperature, promote root development, increase root activity time, reduce weed growth, and reduce disease occurrence. According to the research, the sand-covered orchard can significantly increase fruit tree yield and fruit quality, and increase the orchard revenue by more than 20%. However, it is necessary to combine local natural conditions to see if it can be obtained locally. The technical points of sand coating are as follows: Select a site with a flat terrain, good water storage, and a deep soil layer, and clear flood discharge channels to prevent heavy rains from flushing mud in the sand. Sand-sanding will uniformly spread a layer of sand to the river, which contains less soil and uniform in size, and the sand thickness is 3 to 5 cm. Before sand-sanding, first deepen the land and mature it, apply enough base fertilizer, then level the surface and suppress it to create a soil structure that shows the truth under false conditions; at the same time, prevent the mixing of soil and sand and ensure sand pressure. In addition to applying basic fertilizer before sanding, fertilizers should be topdressed with organic fertilizers and chemical fertilizers according to different growing seasons of trees. When fertilizing, first open the sand at the fertilization site, clean the fine sand with a broom, and then apply fertilizer to the trenches. After the fertilization, the soil shall be leveled and photographed and covered with fine sand. Irrigation due to sand cover has a good role in conservation, so the number of irrigation orchard greatly reduced, according to the annual precipitation and soil moisture. When irrigating, do not irrigate with water containing large amounts of earthy soil to avoid sediments deposited in fine sand layers, affecting the effect of sand coating and the service life. Before the irrigation, the fine sand shall be concentrated on the edge of the apple tree according to the direction of the apple tree. After the water is poured, the ground sand shall be re-sanded in the apple orchard. Because weeds are less covered in weeds, weeding is also relatively simple. Weapons can be removed at any time according to the amount of weeds in the field. In addition, it is necessary to keep the surface of the fine sand clean and smooth, to ensure the sanding effect, and to prevent heavy rain from scouring the fine sand. In the sand-changing orchard, sand will be changed once and for all in about five years. The sandy layer will contain more soil for a long time, and the effect of sand coating will be significantly reduced. 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