Castanea henryi is an ancient and important name, special, excellent, and thin deciduous fruit tree in China. It has strong adaptability, drought tolerance and barrenness, and is suitable for cultivation in hills and mountains above 300 meters above sea level. Nuts are rich in nutrients. The meat is sweeter than ordinary chestnut and suitable for raw food. It can also be sugar-fried, cooked, or processed into candied fruit, chestnut flour and various kinds of canned food. It has not only high nutritional value, but also kidney and Qi and blood circulation. Chemical values ​​such as phlegm.

Due to the low cultivation technology content of castanea henryi in the past, the yield was not high, the size was very serious, the varieties were uneven, and the cultivation area and yield were slow. In order to solve these problems and help farmers get rid of poverty as quickly as possible, through years of experiments, we finally found out a new technology for the cultivation of castanea henryi grafted seedlings, and guided the cultivation of more than 600 new varieties of grafted seedlings for a certain chestnut farmers. In the 3rd year, the fruits were successively fruited. In the sixth year, the yield per mu reached 150 kg, and in the seventh year it reached 250 kg, and the per mu output value reached 2,600 yuan. Compared with other camphora forests, the yield per mu was increased by about 10 times. The following describes this technique.

First, planting

1. Dig a hole in the soil to remove dead trees, grass roots, stones, etc. Before planting, dig 60 cm in depth, 80 cm in length and width, and apply 10 kg of landfilled compost or composted waste fertilizer or 2 kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizer. Planting spacing is 4m 4m or 3m 4m (slope is greater than 30), generally about 40 plants are planted per acre.

2. There are more than ten varieties of Chinese chestnut varieties, such as early maturing (such as Shushuhong, Bailuzi, etc.), medium maturing (such as Longman, etc.) and late maturing (oil hazel, etc.) varieties. One mountain can be planted with only one species, and multiple varieties can also be mixed at the same time. The pollination rate and yield of the mixed plants are both high. Early-maturing varieties have large grains, 25-35 grains per kilogram, ripening at the end of the summer to white dew, high market prices, but large and small phenomena; middle and late-maturing varieties mature in mid-to-late September, medium grain size, 50-per kilogram 80 grains, no phenomenon of size, and fresh fruit can be put into the cold stock and sold in the spring of the following year. Different varieties have their own advantages, and chestnut farmers can choose according to their needs.

3. Planting time is appropriate to choose spring planting, spring rain, and the survival rate of seedlings is high.

Second, sapling management

1. Fertilizing saplings is the key to constructing the basic skeleton of the tree, and it is also the basis for subsequent fruiting of adult trees. The key to sapling period is to enlarge the nutrient absorption area of ​​roots and cultivate good canopy. Therefore, it is necessary to expand the hole and apply organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer year by year. . Generally fertilize 3 times in 1 year, apply fertilizer before budding for the first time from the end of February to early March, promote the shoot fertilizer for the second time in early May, and apply fertilizer for the third time in August. One to three years after planting, 3 to 5 kg of organic fertilizer may be applied as conditions, and 0.1 to 0.3 kg of strain of fertilizer (compound fertilizer) may be topdressed. The amount of fertilizer should be increased as the age of the tree increases.

2. The height of shaping, trimming and drying should be determined according to site conditions. The height of the grafted tree is 0.8 to 1 meter. In July of the same year, the top buds should be removed to make the seedlings bold so as to cultivate the main branches and sub-branches; about 15 days before the budding, the main branches should be cut short enough to cultivate the first layer. The second layer of the main branch, and appropriate cut off the overlapping branches and pests and branches, in order to increase the light transmittance of the crown and the resulting number of branches.

Third, the results of tree management

1. Kuriyama manages cultivating and weeding once or twice a year, and in winter it goes through the contour line (ribbon) of the mountain top once to prevent water and soil loss.

2. Fertilizers Chestnut trees need to absorb nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, sulfur, iron and other elements from the soil, of which nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium are the most demanding. In order to ensure high yields and stable yields, it is necessary to apply a certain amount of nutrients during the budding, fruiting, fruiting, fruiting, and fruiting stages of the nuts, from August to September each year, from the fruit ripening period from August to September, and from July to the time of hibernation. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

3. Major pest and disease control For the Castanea henryi fruit tree, pest and disease control is the most important management measure.

1 chestnut bee. Its tail needles, the ovipositors, will inject 2-3 eggs into the chestnut tree buds during the white dew time, making the trees full of chestnut fruits and absorbing large amounts of nutrients, thus affecting the flowering results of the chestnut-chestnut trees.

Control methods: The most effective method at the moment - removal. After removing the chestnut pods before the rainy season, they can be discarded everywhere. After the rainy season, they must be burned or crushed. Chemical control: In May, the argan oil can be coated with fenpropathrin to kill tumor eggs. From June to July, 90% of trichlorfon 1000 times or 80 times is used during the adult emergence period. % Dichlorvos emulsion 2000 times spray.

2 chestnut loppers. Before and after the scented mane is the best time for prevention and control. In order to pass on the ancestral generation, the pruning fruit of the chestnut is injected into the young fruit, and the squid cuts into the soil as the cut fruit branches fall. Each female lays 40 eggs. There is a phenomenon of "dead suspended".

Control methods: After finding that fruit branches have been cut (from June to July), use 90% dipterex crystals 1000 times, or spray 30% dipterex water 300 times, shake the tree before spraying to allow the insects. "Deadly," the trunks, branches, ground, and grass all have to be completely sprayed, and the cut fruit and branches that hang on the trees are burned together.

3 peach oysters. Is an omnivorous pest. Adults will produce several eggs on the surface of the fruit. After the eggs have hatched into larvae, the larva will inject fruit flesh into the fruit from near the fruit pedicle.

Control methods: Found that when large green pods landed one after another, 30% trichlorfon could be sprayed with 300 times liquid to concentrate;

4 Red spider. Before and after the Dragon Boat Festival, when the chestnut tree appeared brown, it indicated that it had been attacked by red spider. Chrysidopsis is a species of genus. The worm body is as small as dust. It is sucked by juice with a sucking mouthpart to attack the leaves. It occurs 10 generations a year and overlaps from the third generation onwards. When the rain is low, the damage is not obvious; after the Dragon Boat Festival, the weather is hot and dry and the outbreak is serious.

Control methods: The key opportunity is in the summer solstice. Can be used 25% buprofezin (acerbate, 200 g / packet) powder with 16 barrels of water (15 kg / barrel), sprayed after dilution. If there is rain within 6 hours, spray liquid should be added.

5 chestnut borer (dry) blight. The disease is widely distributed and seriously damaged. After the tree is affected, the diseased part will be swollen and uplifted, the cortex tissue will be rotted, and the bark will shrink after expansion, causing the entire branch or the entire plant to die. The chestnut trees with good soil quality, good management, and strong tree vigor have little or no incidence.

Prevention: scrape the diseased part, scrape deep to the xylem, burn the scraped off diseased tissue, use 0.5 kg carbendazim (or thiophanate-methyl) plus 1 kilogram of diesel oil, 10 kilograms of water mixed and apply the wound, continuous coating 3 to 5 Second, it can inhibit the development of this disease.

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