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In early July, many late mature litchi such as glutinous rice bran, sweet glutinous rice, Huaizhi, etc. were listed on the market. Late mature crops such as Conghua and North Guangdong were harvested from the market in late June. Longan early maturing areas such as Hainan Island, Leizhou Peninsula, and Maoming Area have started to mature. At present, the main work is timely harvesting, fertilizing, pruning, and attacking autumn shoots.
Premature litchi:
Trying to withdraw many shoots such as March Red, White Sugar, and other early-maturing varieties. After harvesting, the orchard that has been managed normally has already picked up the second new shoot, and the management is slightly poorer or the late harvested orchard is used, as long as there is enough basal fertilizer in the rainy weather. Season can also shoot new shoots. 1 Strengthen management and strive to extract new shoots. Early-maturing varieties did not begin flower bud differentiation until October. The last autumn shoots were taken out in late August or early September. As long as the management was timely, a new shoot was taken out in early July, and an autumn shoot could be taken before the end of August. The orchards that have invested can extract 2-3 new shoots each year after fruit harvesting, and the tree body is restored. It can produce high yields year after year without the results of size and year. On the other hand, an orchard that lacks management or lack of input will easily result in large and small annual results after a bumper crop because the tree cannot be restored in time. 2 Each new shoot is managed according to the principle of “one shoot and two fatsâ€, and gets a robust new shoot. The shoots that were taken out for the first time after fruit harvesting were generally short of shoots due to lack of nutrients. If the fertilizer was supplied normally after the second shoot was taken out, the shoots were longer and stronger than the first. In order to ensure the quality of each new shoot, a fast-acting nitrogen fertilizer should be applied at the shoots of the new shoots, which is conducive to the growth of new shoots. After the new shoots begin to turn green, a proper amount of compound fertilizer can be applied to shoot shoots. 3 spray tips. When the new shoots are sprouted, they are often damaged by insects that attack the top buds. They should spray the buds when the sprouts are sprouting. Otherwise, after the top buds are damaged, the lateral buds will grow and the branches will affect the quality of the new shoots. 4 Thinning. After severely pruned trees, many new shoots are drawn out. When the new shoots are taken out, excess shoots can be properly removed to improve the ability of the tree crown to transmit light and light, and improve the photosynthesis of the leaves.
Medium ripe litchi:
First pruning promoted the shoots of fresh water, such as east, black leaf, wolfberry and other mid-maturing varieties, in the middle and late harvest in June. At present, the main work is to restore tree vigor and attack autumn shoots. 1 Trim to promote new shoots. Due to more rainwater this year, many orchards with sufficient basal fertilizers have begun to germinate after the fruits have not yet been harvested. They can be trimmed and then fertilized. The first fertilization uses mainly available nitrogen fertilizer to restore root growth and promote new shoot germination. After fertilization is combined with compound fertilizer, organic fertilizer, and quick-acting nitrogen fertilizer, it can promote new shoots and prevent new shooters from becoming new shoots. quality. When pruning, it depends on the state of each tree. 2 Fertilization restores tree vigor and promotes shoot growth. Pruning is one of the measures to promote the renewal of shoots. If the management of fertilizer and water cannot keep up, pruning will not promote new shoots, and it will also accelerate plant decline or even death. At present, the rainwater is relatively abundant. It is necessary to pay close attention to time and fertilize. The compound fertilizer and available nitrogen fertilizer are the main shallow soils. After the first new shoot is turned green, the organic fertilizer is applied to the deep groove. In arid regions, it is best to apply humic organic water and fertilizers such as manure water and peanut bran water, which not only provide nutrients, but also pour water to relieve soil drought. 3 spray tips. There are many kinds of pests in the shoots of mid-maturing varieties, such as ulnar maggots, leaf roller moths, litchi pods, etc., and they should be sprayed at 1-3 cm from the new shoots. Pendulous twigs, shaded twigs, and overlapped growing twigs should be removed to keep the orchard ventilated and light-transmitting and reduce disease occurrence. If you have a disease, spray it in time. 4 There is more rain in summer, and the fertile orchards are overgrown with weeds and can be sprayed with a herbicide or hand-mowing. It is best not to use clear tillage and weed control in mountainous orchards. There should be no overgrown weeds in the trees and cover with hay and other materials. Weeds can be properly grown to increase the atmospheric humidity in the orchards, which is conducive to the growth of new shoots. 5 If the groundwater level is high, or if it is planted in a low-lying orchard, lime may be properly applied to the ground in order to prevent soil compaction or improve soil pH. However, slender orchards or sandy soil orchards cannot blindly apply lime, which will accelerate soil deterioration and reduce soil fertility, which is not conducive to plant growth.
Late mature litchi:
Timely harvesting and attacking autumn shoots, rice bran, cinnamon, Huaizhi and other late-maturing varieties have matured, new shoots are being drawn. The main work is timely harvesting, attacking autumn shoots. 1 fertilization. Late mature lychees in Maoming and other early mature areas have been harvested as early as the end of June or early July. Only the fruits of late ripening areas or some late flowering orchards have not yet matured, but they should be harvested completely before mid-July. Currently, regardless of whether or not the fruit has been harvested, the orchard with conditions should use the current rainwater, fertilize it first, restore the tree body, and promote new shoots. 2 Trim. Many young trees do not produce fruit year after year, and they are not related to pruning. Plant vegetative overgrowth is not conducive to reproductive growth. Pruning has a certain influence on the physiological growth of plants, and flowering buds can be promoted to flowering results when combined with corresponding cultivation techniques. Juvenile trees are pruned to promote branching and are effective in expanding the crown and increasing the number of shoots. Old trees can not be overly trimmed, generally using light scissors, only cut off weak branches, pests, branches, branches, penis branches, etc., only according to need, to carry out partial open skylight or individual branch groups to severely pruning trim, improve the ability of crown light transmission, promote internal Litchi grows and the results of lychee culture are good for improving plant yield. 3 thin branches. Young trees and young trees will have many new shoots after they are pruned. When branches are too dense, we must consider removing weak branches and overlapping branches. However, the branches of late-maturing cultivars are smaller, shorter, and clustered, and the results are mainly in the branches. It is not appropriate to over-scrab, so as not to affect the growth of crowns and accumulation of nutrients, and the number of shoots is small, which affects the yield. 4 spray tips.
Longan:
Long-term harvesting in early mature areas is in the period of fruit enlargement and maturity. The early mature areas should be timely harvested and fertilized before and after harvesting. Late mature areas to strengthen orchard management to ensure the normal growth of fruit. 1 timely harvest. More rain this year, fruit ripening should be harvested in time, otherwise there will be cracked fruit or susceptible to disease, resulting in reduced production. 2 fertilization. According to the results of a compound fertilizer, spray 1-2 times agricultural nucleotides, the results of the tree in order to overcome the size of the annual results, but also plans to pick fruit in batches. 3 thinning fruit. Some orchards, which have many fruitful results, have begun to drop or crack fruit. Although the thinning of fruit is a bit late, but in order to receive the fruit, some young fruit should be properly removed in order to concentrate the nutrients for fruit growth, and the slow decline of the tree is good for the growth of autumn shoots. 4 Trim. Many orchards are drawing new shoots, whether or not they are the result. In particular, there are no trees with little or no results. New shoots are drawn more. Can be trimmed along the tip of the new shoot. Fertilize immediately after pruning to promote new shoot elongation. 5 Spray the fruit or tip. The orchards damaged by litter locusts should be sprayed in time; when the fruit orchards are harmed by fruit-feeding moths, they can be baited with lychee, longan, or melon, which has been soaked with 40% phoxim 20 times in the orchard. Obscure orchard should pay attention to anthrax damage, spray control.
Provincial Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fruit and Plant Management Center, Pan Jianping, Zeng Yang, Lin Zhixiong
July Litchi Longan Management Points
Litchi: attack autumn longan: timely harvest temperature continues to rise, the orchard should be timely pruning, maintain ventilation and light, reduce the incidence of disease