Cosmetics are a mixture of various raw materials processed by reasonable allocation. There are many kinds of cosmetics with different properties. According to the cosmetic raw material performance and use, can be divided into two categories of substrate raw materials and auxiliary raw materials. The former is a kind of main raw material of cosmetics, which occupies a large proportion in cosmetics formula and plays a major role in cosmetics. The latter play a role in shaping, stabilizing, or imbuing cosmetics with color, fragrance and other properties that are extremely important in small amounts in cosmetic formulations. Cosmetics is with natural, synthetic or extract all sorts of action different material as raw material, via heating, agitation and emulsification wait for production program processing and become chemical mixture material.
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I. Investigation on the status quo of the pharmaceutical industry
Since the 1970s, China's pharmaceutical industry has made great progress and played an important role in safeguarding the people's use of medicine. At the same time, the government's management model for the pharmaceutical industry has changed, and industry management has been greatly weakened. Since the start of the reform of the medical system in 1997, the relevant departments have issued a series of policies, especially the continuous introduction of policies to reduce drug prices, promote drug bidding, restrict prescription drugs in the mass media, and compulsory GMP certification of drugs. These policies cover almost all policies. All aspects of drug development, production, and circulation. Objectively speaking, these policies have promoted the development of the industry, and the pharmaceutical industry has made great progress, but some effects are not satisfactory. Some policies that have been introduced to solve the problem of expensive medical treatment have placed the focus on the price of medicines, so it will inevitably be more or less counterproductive.
For example, the drug price reduction policy, the state has carried out 17 major drug price cuts for the problem of expensive medical treatment. However, the ordinary people do not feel the obvious effect, which is that it is difficult to "highly expensive medical treatment". Doctors are driven by interests and like to take expensive medicine. Zhang Jianqiang, chairman of Hainan Hailing Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. said that as far as the current situation is concerned, the big prescription is caused by policy laissez-faire. Because of the policy, hospitals can add 15% to their own profits. Therefore, in order to obtain more profits, the hospital has tried to use expensive medicines and prescribe large prescriptions. This is very tricky. For example, Zhang Jianqiang said that the use of two domestic retail prices of 10 yuan of domestic ceftriaxone can cure the disease, the doctor is driven by the interests, will open two retail 97 yuan an import "Roche Fen", a slight change, the hospital The profit can rise from 1.5 yuan to nearly 15 yuan. And this is the operation within the scope of the policy.
Ling Pei Xue, president of Shandong Zhengda Freda, believes that at present, there are more than 4,000 pharmaceutical manufacturers in China, more than 8,000 pharmaceutical wholesale companies, and 120,000 pharmaceutical retailers. The cost of these enterprises is not paid by the government, and they need to be maintained through “operating, charging, and fare increaseâ€, so the price of medicines cannot be raised. Moreover, the hospital is currently implementing a drug add-on policy. The higher the purchase price, the more the bonus, the hospital will certainly not go into low-cost drugs. “The whole chain needs high-priced drugs, so the price will not be low when it comes to the people.â€
The price reduction of 17 drugs has reached more than 10,000 varieties, the actual effect is not obvious, and it is inseparable from the mass production of alternative drugs by pharmaceutical manufacturers. "The price of this drug is reduced by the state, and some drug manufacturers will stop producing this drug immediately, and then produce new drugs. The result is still a high-priced drug."
Zhu Youxi, director of the Social Development Department of the State Council Research Office, pointed out that the reform of the pharmaceutical industry and the medical and health industry is not linked, the pharmaceutical industry has long been marketized, and medical and health institutions are still in the era of planned economy. Due to insufficient research on the overall situation of the pharmaceutical industry, and the introduction of some inappropriate policies, pharmaceutical companies have developed to today, the quality of operation and innovation of the industry is worrying, many companies are facing survival rather than development problems.
According to reports, the government's annual allocation to hospitals only accounts for 7% to 8% of the hospital's total income, and the remaining 90% are based on the hospital's own organization of medical services. As 80% of the hospital system reform in the monopoly drug market is seriously lagging behind, the long-term economic policy of “medical supplementation with medicineâ€, coupled with the unhealthy trend in the circulation field and the intensified doctor rebates, have caused the pharmaceutical industry to lose in the normal drug trading process. The right to speak, the average hospital payback days more than 180 days, the national hospitals for free to occupy industrial sales funds (200 billion) for half a year, seriously affecting the normal operation of the pharmaceutical industry. It is understood that last year, Xinhua Pharmaceutical's company's receivables amounted to 200 million yuan.
Thoughts on the Status Quo and Development Policy of China's Pharmaceutical Industry
Recently, I have learned from pharmaceutical companies, medical associations, and competent authorities that the current domestic pharmaceutical industry policies are not conducive to the development of the industry, and even affect the survival of enterprises. It is urgent for policy makers to position the pharmaceutical industry in the national economy according to the scientific development concept. The status of China is to study the survival status and development strategies of China's pharmaceutical industry from the perspective of national strategic security and the long-term development of the industry, and appropriately adjust policies.