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High quality and high yield cultivation techniques of nectarine
The nectarine fruit is bright, smooth, hairless, crispy, sweet, and has the flavor of pears and apples. Some experts said that in the 21st century nectarines will replace the current ordinary peach. The cultivation techniques are as follows: 1. Selection of varieties. Should choose to adapt to the high temperature and humid weather conditions in southern sweet nectarine varieties. Special early-mature sweet nectarines (matured in late May) include "Bayou No. 13", "Bayou No. 15", "Bayou No. 16", etc.; Early-maturing sweet nectarine (maturing in mid-June) has "Bayou 1" "," "Bayou 2" and so on. Second, the establishment of garden planting. Choose a land with convenient transportation, good light, or a suitable slope. First line 43m or 42.5m line, line spacing, deep excavation (or bottom blasting) into a width of about 1 meter, depth of 0.8 meters of planting sulcus or 1 m square planting nest. About 10,000 kilograms of organic fertilizer such as garbage and weeds are applied per acre, and the soil is layered and backfilled to a height of 20 cm above the ground to plant seedlings. The nectarine seedlings were planted after the late fall leaves or sprouted in the early spring. Generally, 55 cultivars were planted in the flat land and 66 plants were planted in the gentle slope, and the plant could also be double planted. When planting seedlings, the roots of the seedlings were cut off and then placed in the denuding nests so that the roots naturally stretched and the layers were backfilled with fine soil. Then, fill enough water to facilitate survival. Third, fertilizer and water management. The vegetative period of saplings was 1 to 2 years after the nectarine seedlings were planted. In fertilization, it is said that “dilution of fertilizers will be applied before and after promotionâ€. From March to August, one month will be used to fertilize the defecate water once a month. Apply about 10 kilograms per plant, and add 50 grams of monopotassium dihydrogen phosphate. After 3 years, the nectarines entered the early fruiting period and the full fruit period. The basal and top dressings were used 4 to 5 times a year. Basal fertilizer is applied every year from September to October. Divide 1 to 2 meters of fertilized litter each with a depth and width of 0.3 meters at the dripping area of ​​peach trees. Calcium phosphate 0.5 to 0.8 kg mix, fertilize and then cover water. Fertilizers were fertilized in the nectarine germinating stage, hard nuclear stage and fruit harvesting period. Fertilizers were used to fertilize 30 to 50 kilograms of man-eating water and fertilizer per plant, and 0.3 kg of ammonium phosphate was added to the dressing. Appropriate root dressings were also conducted at the same time. During the growing period of nectarine from March to August, foliar spray of 0.1% Phyfenfen foliar fertilizer, or 0.2% boron fertilizer, 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 0.4% urea fertilizer solution was sprayed every 20 days. Nectarines are more tolerant to drought but less tolerant. Therefore, in the rainy season, it is necessary to promptly discharge water and prevent flooding. During the high-temperature drought season in the middle of summer, water should be poured in a timely manner, and weeds should be used to cover tree trays to moisturize and resist drought. Fourth, plastic trim. Nectarines are characterized by a high luminous intensity, and generally use a "naturally happy-shaped" tree. The shaping method is: Before the nectarine seedlings planted in the winter of the year or before the spring to sprout, cut the short and dry at 50 to 70 centimeters in the seedling trunk, and in the next about 20 centimeters, choose to leave 3 to 4 distribution in different directions The strong buds allow them to be pumped into three main branches, and the rest of the shoots are topping to make them mature. Afterwards, secondary branch shoots extracted from the main branch are plucked to obtain the resulting shoots. At the same time, in the spring and summer shoot growth period, timely eradication of buds in addition to sprouting, and branches and torso upright leg branches, in order to open the branching angle and ease tree vigor, favorable flowering results. Nectarine sapling pruning method: to long-based, for the results of the use of long branches are generally not short-cut, leaving more fruit branches, branches of the extension of the backbone to stay 50 to 70 cm chopped. The nectarine tree that enters into the full fruit period should be properly recut, and the backbone branches should be retracted and renewed, and the combination of sparse and shrinking should be used to weaken the strong nectarine, and attention should be paid to cultivating and regenerating the twigs from the base. In addition, nectarine trees with a growth potential of more than 60 cm in length were sprayed with 15% paclobutrazol WP 1000 times in summer to control their growth and promote flower bud differentiation. Fifth, fruit management. During the fruiting period of nectarine flowering, adopt comprehensive measures to preserve fruit and cultivate large fruit. First of all, the spraying of 20 parts per million “Nine Oxygen†solution during the flowering period of nectarines, adding 0.2% of borax, 0.3% of urea (or 0.1% of Green Fenway foliar fertilizer), can increase Fruit setting and enlargement of peach fruit. Before the hard peach fruit stage, spray two to three hundred percent of the “more than long†solution for two to three times, which can effectively prevent peach rotten top, and make the fruit shape round, bright color. Secondly, in late April, fruit peeling was reduced when the peach fruit was divided. First remove the pests and fruits and deformed fruit. Then, according to the ratio of 20:1 leaf to fruit, remove the small fruit and excess fruit. If the same branch has two fruits, leave one to leave one. Six, prevention and treatment of pests. The main pests and diseases that damage nectarine are: leaf deficiencies, rot, perforation, fluid plastic (oil) disease, and peach aphid, carnivora, aphids, and scale insects. The prevention and control method is: First, the garden must be cleared in winter. In the winter, the skin and overwintering eggs and litter on the trunks (branches) were manually scraped and burned. At the same time, brush white trunks before germination, and apply 1 to 2 crowns, and add 3 to 4 Baumide's lime sulfur mixture to control a variety of overwintering pests; Second, before the nectarine blooms to the fallen leaves During the growing period, spraying 40% omethoate 800 times in time to prevent and cure peach aphid, with 2.5% of the enemy killing or 50% of the killing pine emulsion 1000 times to control Peach and P. At the beginning of May, the saplings of P. sulphureus hatched and sprayed with 1 to 2 killing agents such as 20% speed culling or 10% crack, which can effectively control the scale insects and locusts.