Corn smut disease incidence and control

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1, symptoms:

Smut is a local infestation disease. It can occur throughout corn growth. Earth's aerial roots, stems, leaves, leaf sheaths, and female (male) ears of corn can all be affected. The diseased tissue enlarges into a tumor. The surface of the diseased tumor was white, reddish, and later it gradually turned to a gray-brown to brownish film. Finally, the outer membrane ruptured and a dark brown powder was emitted. The tumors on the leaves and leaf sheaths are usually small, only 1–2 cm in diameter or less, and generally do not produce black powder. The tumors on the stem sections and on the ear are larger and the diameter can reach 15 cm. A corn can produce multiple tumors. Tassel-like horny or horny tumors grow in the affected parts of the tassel, and most of the affected parts of the ear are in the upper part. Only the individual florets are affected by the disease and the others can still be solid. The whole-stem victim can become a large tumor.

2, the incidence of law:

The pathogenic bacteria used wintering in the soil and diseased plant residues. When the spring conditions are appropriate, the spores germinate and spread with the air flow, causing disease onset in the seedling and adult stages one after another. Spore germination temperature 26-30 °C. The density of corn plants is too large, partial nitrogenous fertilizer is applied, and tissue wounds are conducive to pathogen invasion. There are many bacteria sources, many precipitation, high humidity, and the incidence is heavy.

3, control measures:

(1) Planting disease-resistant varieties Local antibiotic-resistant hybrids should be selected according to local conditions.

(2) Elimination of Infected Bacteria After the harvest of corn, the straw should not be piled on the ground and must be decomposed when composting, and the sick bodies in the field should be eliminated in time to reduce the source of overwintering bacteria.

(3) Improvement of cultivation measures Rotation of crop rotation, strengthening of field management, and timely control of corn borer to enhance plant disease resistance. In addition, the disease should be removed and destroyed immediately before the rupture of the tumor to reduce field damage.

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