On the 21st, an advisory committee of the National Institutes of Health approved the first human clinical trial using the CRISPR gene editing technology known as "genetic scissors" to treat cancer, making this currently highly regarded biomedical technology clinical in the United States. The trial was only one step away from the approval of the US Food and Drug Administration.

The National Institutes of Health's "Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee" approved the clinical trial program submitted by the University of Pennsylvania. The committee is responsible for conducting safety and ethical reviews of clinical trials of gene therapy in the United States. The trial will also require the release of the US Food and Drug Administration to begin implementation. If approved, the researchers will recruit 18 patients with melanoma, multiple myeloma, and sarcoma who are no longer available, at the University of Pennsylvania, the University of California, San Francisco, and the MD Anderson Cancer Research Center at the University of Texas. Conduct clinical trials at the site.

As planned, the researchers will extract immune T cells from patients, using a harmless virus to give T cells a receptor called NY-ESO-1 protein. NY-ESO-1 protein is often present on certain tumor cells. After being transformed into a patient, the engineered T cells can recognize tumor cells expressing NY-ESO-1 protein and attack tumor cells.

However, the modified T cells are not proliferating and do not survive for a long time. To prolong T cell survival and increase the efficiency of killing cancer cells, the researchers hope to use CRISPR technology to disrupt the synthesis of a protein called PD-1. This protein on the surface of T cells inhibits the activity of T cells after an immune response, and tumor cells can activate PD-1 protein to evade T cell attack. In addition, the researchers also intend to knock out the genes encoding the other two major protein receptors on the surface of T cells, making T-cells more effective in transforming the NY-ESO-1 protein receptor.

According to the US MIT Technology Review, Sean Parker, the first president of Facebook on the US social networking site, will invest $250 million to establish a "Parker Cancer Immunotherapy Institute" to fund the trial.

Source: China Science and Technology Network - Technology Daily

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