(II) Pond cultivation fish species

According to the increase in the size of stingray seedlings, the feeding habits are basically similar to those of adult fish, and the group body is stronger, the food intake is increased, and the ecological environment adaptability is enhanced, and the water temperature is high during the cultivation process. Depending on the characteristics of the stingray, it is necessary to seize a few key technical aspects to obtain high quality fish with high survival rate and robust physique. The cultivation can be carried out in ponds and cages, but it should be noted that the area of ​​fish species cultivated in the pond should not be too large, otherwise it is not conducive to feeding and daily management.

1, pond conditions and clean up

The cultivation pond area is generally 1 to 2 mu. It is more appropriate because the area is too large, which may cause uneven feeding and cause difficulty in fishing operations. The pond water depth is about 1.5 meters, and the bottom of the pond is flat, with about 20% of the area at the outlet. It is ideal to reduce about 20 centimeters, less silt, better water retention, easy to enter and drain, and the surrounding environment is quiet and slightly shaded. Before the seedlings are released, the ponds must be de-sterilized first, and zooplankton animals should be reared for stocking fry.

2, seed stocking

The small-scale summer flower seedlings with a size of about 2 cm are stocked. The specifications are neat, the physique is robust, and there is no injury or illness. It is agile and powerful, and the fish is strictly disinfected with a medicinal bath. According to the production conditions and pond conditions to determine the stocking density of seedlings, generally the fish species are reared to the adult ponds before and after wintering, and the stocking density of the adult fishes is larger, and the stocking capacity per mu is 8000 to 10,000. From July to August, the amount of stocked fish per acre kept in stocks ranges from 4,000 to 6,000. When the fish species grows to 8 cm, they can be divided into pools and then put into adult fish to raise them.

3, feed and feeding

The amount of zooplankton in the pond when the 2 cm seedlings are released can basically meet the demand for several days. The best feed between 2 and 3 cm of the fish is rotifers, copepods, cladocera, chironomid larvae. Active feedstuff such as leeches, etc., with the increase of individuals, the natural feed in the pond is reduced, and artificial feed must be fed to meet the feeding needs of the seedlings. First of all, take a bait station in the pond, the material to use bamboo mats, straw mats, color strip cloth and other objects, the area of ​​the pond per acre bait about 6 to 8 square meters can be, it is best that the bait station can rise or fall. The bait station is fixed with a bamboo stake about 10 to 20 cm from the bottom of the pool, and then the bait is fed on the bait station. There are three types of bait preparation methods:

(1) In the production, more methods are used to grind the small mixed fish and mix some of the fishmeal, silkworm cocoon powder, soybean powder, wheat bran, and third-class flour into a pellet feed, and the fish can also be minced into After the pulp is weighed, it is directly fed with the third grade flour.

(2) The powdered raw materials are mixed uniformly and a certain amount of water is kneaded into a lump for feeding.

(3) Artificially blended into processed pellet feed and then broken into micro pellet feed.

After the two kinds of formulated foods with the bait: fish meal 23%, silkworm meal 8%, meat and bone meal 8%, blood meal 8%, yeast powder 6%, soybean powder 17%, standard flour 23%, vegetable oil 3%, vitamin mixture 1 %, inorganic salt mixture 1.5%, binder 1.5%. In addition, a large number of farmers use small trash fish to be directly fed into the pond after being chopped into meat paste. Feeding quantity and frequency, the general feeding amount starts to be converted to 10% when it starts to change its diet, and then gradually drops to 5 to 6% of the body weight. It is fed 2 to 4 times a day and is fed 3 to 4 times before 3 cm long. Secondly, two or three times a day before the body's full length is 5 cm, followed by two feedings per day. The nutritional standards of the sturgeon fingerlings are: crude protein 40% to 43%, fat 8% to 10%, carbohydrate 18% to 23%, and cellulose 3% to 5%.

4, feeding daily management

The daily management of ponds is a meticulous, multi-faceted, and regular task throughout the entire breeding process. It is the key to improving the survival rate of fish species and achieving large specifications.

(1) Feeding feeds every day requires special attention to the “four settings”, ie, timing, positioning, quantification, and quality determination.

(2) Clear the food field once every 3 to 5 days and sterilize once every two weeks with bleaching powder (0.3-0.5 kg). If pellets are fed, the number of pellets may be appropriately reduced. Frequent removal of poolside weeds and pools of contaminated dirt keeps the ponds sanitary and prevents the growth of harmful insects and germs.

(3) Inspect the pond once a day in the early morning to observe the activities of water color and fish, especially the floating head. If the floating head is more serious, new water should be added in time. Observe the changes in water quality and master the amount of fertilization and feeding. In the afternoon, the ponds should be inspected in conjunction with feeding or checking the eating situation in order to find out problems and solve them in time.

(4) During the cultivation of the seedlings, it is also during the prosperous period of the proliferation of earthworms and all kinds of harmful aquatic insects. The earthworms in the pond should be removed at any time so as not to catch the feed of the fingerlings. When water snakes, otters, leeches, turtles, and other predators are found, they should be dealt with promptly. Areas with more waterbirds must take effective measures to drive and kill them.

(5) timely water injection to improve water quality. In the pond, the amount of feed is large every day, and there are many excretions. The pond water is easy to be fat. Therefore, water is often added to improve water quality, prevent hypoxia pans, and promote fish growth. During feeding, water is usually added 10 to 15 days.

(6) Fish breeding stage is the period when fish diseases are most prevalent. During this period, attention should be paid to observation and various preventive measures should be adopted. The most common disease in this period was hemorrhagic edema, except that the pond used a disinfectant to destroy the bacteria, and tetracycline was added to the feed of the sturgeon to feed 20 grams per kg of feed, once a day, for 3 to 3 consecutive days. 5 days. For the prevention and treatment of diseases, please refer to the seventh lecture.

(c) Cage cultivation fish species

Cage culture of stingray fingerlings, usually in rivers, reservoirs, lakes and other bodies of water. The water in large bodies of water is fresh, transparent, and the dissolved oxygen is sufficient. The growth of fish species is faster. Commonly used cages are 5 meters in length, 2 meters wide, and 1 meter high. They are generally processed with a mesh of about 40 mesh. When the species length is more than 3 centimeters, the cages with 15 to 22 mesh meshes are replaced. In general, a bait station should be set up at the bottom of the cage, with an area of ​​2 to 3 square meters, and a cover on the cage frame to shading. The feeds fed are the same feed standards as those raised in ponds.

Second, fish breeding examples

(a) Stingray. Zaozhuang Aquatic Station Zhou Zuowu of Shandong Province had achieved better results in breeding of yellow sturgeon in 2001. On June 20, they purchased fry from the Jiangsu Institute of Freshwater and transported them to their destinations for long distances. After more than four months of cultivation, they produced a total of 309 kilograms of Scrophulariella species, with an average yield of 206 kilograms per mu. The average length of species is 15.3 centimeters. , body length 12.3 cm, height 3.8 cm, weight 56 ​​grams, maximum weight 64 grams. Large-sized stingray species were ordered at 30 yuan/kg, with an average mu production value of 6,180 yuan, a mu cost of 3,350 yuan, and a mu profit of 2,830 yuan. The input-output ratio is 1:1.84. It can be up to 3 times the breeding pond for carp species in the same year. Their approach is:

1. Fry transportation and stocking

(1) Preparation before stocking. Ten days before stocking, the fry were pumped into another pool and thoroughly clearing the pond with lime. Two days later, the old water was filtered through a 40-mesh sieve and then pumped back to the test pool. The water depth was only 40 cm. 30 days before the fry drop into the pond, 80 kg of chicken droppings were applied per acre.

(2) Fry transportation. At the time of 8:00 am on June 20th, the seedlings were planted. The water temperature was 25°C and the maximum temperature was 32°C. In order to ensure the safety of transporting seedlings, enclosed cooling transportation is adopted. After the nylon bags of fish are oxygenated, they are placed in a foam box. Two 50 mm mineral water plastic ice bottles are placed in each box, and then the back cover is sealed tightly with tape. After 1 day of transport, it arrived at the test tank at 8: 00 in the evening, and the water in the bag did not increase. 20,000 fish fry survive 19200 tails, the survival rate of transport is 96%.

(3) Stocking. After the arrival of the fry, the nylon bag was soaked in water of 28°C for 15 minutes, then sanitized with 3% saline for 8 minutes, and then slowly put into the pool.

2. Artificial feed arrangement and feeding

(1) Feed arrangement. In the early season, there are egg yolks, soya milk, fish oysters, and dried fish worms. The medium-term bait is a high-protein complex pellet feed (see Table 2-8) with a crude protein content of 39.5%.

Table 2-8 Composition of medium grain feed formula (39.5% crude protein)

Adult fish broiled bean complex rapeseed bran

Prawns Amino Acid Cake Pie Rice Salt Vitamin

Content (%) 30 5 5 20 15 10 5 8 2 0.2

The late bait is a low-protein complex pellet feed (see Table 2-9) with a crude protein content of 33.5%.

Table 2-9 Composition of Late Granules (crude protein 33.5%)

Adult fish broiled bean complex rapeseed bran

Prawns Amino Acid Cake Pie Rice Salt Vitamin

Content (%) 15 5 5 25 15 15 8 10 2 0.2

(2) bait conversion. On the 2nd day of the lower fry, the transparency of the pond water was 30 cm. The rotifer had a certain density, and no fertilizer was applied afterwards. The transformation of bait varieties is divided into three phases: the previous period. From June 21 to August 12, the egg yolk was mainly used in the first week, supplemented with cooked soy milk; cooked soy milk was mainly served in the second and third weeks, supplemented with fish flesh; followed by dried fish, supplemented by Fish meal; medium term. From August 13 to September 6, the co-granulation bait of crude protein of 39.5% in Table 1 was used. Late period. After September 6, the co-granulated bait of 33.5% of crude protein in Table 2 was used.

(3) feeding technology. In the early days, Quanchiposa was used. In the middle and later stages, live bait stations are fed at regular intervals to form conditioned reflexes. Under normal circumstances, the bait is given three times a day. At 8:00 am, 5:00 pm, and 9:00 pm, the amount of bait is flexibly controlled according to the fish's eating habits. It's usually much more often at night.

3, water quality management. Since the pool water is old and shallow, water-free supplementation, the depth of 40 to 60 centimeters of the pond is a month, until the end of July rely on rainfall and groundwater level rise, the pool water reached 90 centimeters. August was a heavy rain, which brought the water to 120 centimeters, and soon it dropped to 100 centimeters. In this case, the following measures have been taken:

(1) Sprinkle lime, 13 to 15 kg per mu, for a total of 8 times. There are three adjustments of PH (less than 6.5).

(2) Spill the "Kill Sterilizer" tablets for a total of 5 courses. Two of the courses are for the prevention of rot disease, and three courses are for the improvement of water quality.

(3) Spray water to increase oxygen. The pond is thick and shallow, and in order to make the pool water not turbid, it is often pumped with water and then sprayed back into the pool to improve the water quality and increase oxygen.

(4) Killing and killing. Due to the long time in the early spring, the surrounding frogs flocked to fish farms in large numbers, much more than in previous years, and they were killed almost every day.

(5) Feed duckweed. Once a week, we feed once, 20 to 30 kilograms, which is not only a favorite food for fish species, but also shade and cooling, and can also play a role in purifying water quality.

(ii) Intensive cultivation of Spodoptera californica. Hubei Wansongliang and other three-year practices have concluded that the characteristics of intensively cultivated fish species are completely dependent on artificial feeding, high stocking densities, high breeding rates, and convenient breeding and management. However, because of the high density, the management must be particularly delicate. If there is any negligence, it may be caused by the disease or the deterioration of water quality, resulting in mass deaths or fish escape accidents.

The requirements for the intensive cultivation of fish species are basically the same as the fry cultivation mentioned above, but the cultivation area should be larger. Such as the flow of cement pool 5 to 20 square meters, a mouthful of cages 5 to 10 square meters, mesh dilute to 10 to 20 mesh. It is also possible to cultivate fingerlings with nursery concrete tanks and cages. The stocking density depends on the conditions of the facilities and the seedlings. The general flow cement pool stocks 1 to 1.5 centimeters of fry 3000 to 4000 fish per cubic meter of water, and dilute to 1500 to 2500 tails at 3 centimeters until it develops about 5 centimeters of fingerlings. The density in cages is slightly lower. 1-2 cm of fry are stocked with 2,000-3,000 fish per cubic metre of water, stocking density is 1,500-2,000 fishes when they are 2 to 2.5 centimeters, and stocking density is 1000 fishes till 3.5 centimeters. Become a fish species about 5 cm. There are three types of feeds for fish: one is red worm and leeches; the other is ground minced fish paste; and the third is artificial compound feed. Red worms and leeches are suitable for early feeding of fish species, fish slurry should be fed in the middle period, and artificial compound feeds should be gradually bred in the later period. Formulated feeds are as follows: fishmeal 36%, cocoon 10%, meat and bone meal 9%, blood meal 8%, flour 30%, soybean oil 2.5%, adhesive 1.5%, multivitamin 1%, inorganic salt mixture 1%. Formulated feeds can be made into micro-granule feeds, or they can be fed directly in water and mixed into cakes. Can also be mixed with fishmeal and fish meal, bean flour and flour and other powdered material mixed group feeding. According to the feeding conditions of the species, feed 3 to 4 times a day and feed while eating. Let all the fish eat. Vaginal yellow sturgeon seedlings have a habit of cluster feeding and are very easy to tame. Routinely do a good job in water quality control and dissolved oxygen management. Cement ponds should be kept micro-flowing day and night, and there are air pump timing oxygen, always keep the pool dissolved oxygen above 5mg/1. Sewage sewage once every 1 to 2 days. In the cage, it is also necessary to clear the tank regularly to remove the excrement. According to the growth of the species, timely split the tanks and adjust the appropriate fish density. Pay attention to prevent and treat diseases, find symptoms, and timely diagnosis and treatment. In addition, in the case of sunny daylight, the breeding ponds and cages should be properly covered in order to meet the habitat habit of WRS. Under good intensive culture conditions, it will take about 25 days to grow, and Varsity yellow sturgeon seedlings can grow to more than 5 cm.

【Difficulty Tips】

1. Difficulty in this lecture lies in the artificial breeding of stingray and the key links in the fry cultivation. The broodstock breeding, hormone application, and water temperature control are the core of the artificial breeding of stingray in the process of seedling propagation. The reader must pay more attention to it. At the same time, attention was paid to the similarities and differences in the cultivation of yellow sturgeon and Stirrups.

2, seed cultivation is the focus of this lecture. Readers should learn to master the stingray fry breeding, according to their habits, must set up a transitional cultivation (also known as temporary raise) stage to ensure the survival rate of fry. At the same time, we must also grasp the similarities and differences in different ways of running water, conventional pools, and small cages in the cultivation of fingerlings, in order to create conditions, create an environment, and reasonably arrange production in production.

List of veterinary drug raw materials

Veterinary medicine heat-clearing medicine: all the medicines that are cold and cool and can clear and relieve heat-related diseases are called heat-clearing medicines.
Heat-clearing medicine can be divided into the following categories: â‘  heat-clearing and lowering gunpowder: the main function of this type of medicine is to clear the qi and divide the real heat, which is suitable for reciting the inner heat that is caused by the high-heat fire.
Excessive, thirsty, fond of drinking, urination, short and red urination, cough and asthma due to lung heat, tongue sores, red color, yellow and dry glutinous rice and other symptoms. Our unit can provide gardenia extract, bile, knowledge
Mother, bitter and other extracts. â‘¡ Heat-clearing and damp-damping medicines: Most of these medicines are bitter and cold, bitter can dry dampness, and cold can clear heat, so they are used for red and yellow lips and thick tongue coating.
Greasy, damp-heat jaundice, short and red urination, damp-heat diarrhea, sore yellow swelling toxin embolism. Our unit can provide extracts such as Coptis chinensis, Scutellaria baicalensis, Treats, Yin Chen, Sophora Radix et Rhizoma etc. â‘¢ Clear heat
Detoxification drugs: This type of heat-clearing and detoxifying drugs are mainly used to clear away heat or fire poison caused by excessive heat. These diseases are mostly manifested as persistent high fever, sore throat, sore yellow furuncle, eye

List of veterinary drug raw materials,Buy Online Tylosin Phosphate Premix,Tylosin Phosphate Premix Powder,Bulk Tamoxifen Citrate Powder

Xi'an Henrikang Biotech Co.,Ltd , https://www.xianhenrikangbio.com