Water plays an extremely important role in the metabolism of dairy cows. Dairy cows maintain normal physiology activities and complete the digestion, transportation, absorption, and metabolism of nutrients in the body without water. Water accounts for about 65% of the cow's weight, and the milk's moisture content accounts for about 87%. When sufficient clean drinking water is provided, cows will drink more, eat more, and produce more milk. Cows consume 5 kilograms of water per kilogram of dry matter consumed, and cows need 3 to 5 liters of water for every liter of milk produced. This means that high-producing cows need 150 liters of fresh water daily. In production, some dairy farmers often only pay attention to the supply of refined roughage, and they neglect the important role of drinking water to a certain extent, resulting in insufficient drinking water, loss of appetite, slow digestion, slow growth of young cattle, and decreased milk production of adult cattle. Health is seriously damaged. Therefore, we must pay enough attention to the problem of water use for dairy cows in production.

Dairy cows drink water in winter and spring is not less than summer and autumn. The main reason is that there are more green and juicy feedstuffs for dairy cows in summer and autumn, but there are relatively insufficient green and juicy feeds for winter and spring, and the dry matter supply is more. Therefore, we must pay attention to the supply of sufficient water for cows in winter and spring. Insufficient water supply to dairy cows will directly lead to a decline in milk production and trigger other disorders. Dairy cows should avoid drinking ice water, and it is easy to cause indigestion, so as to induce digestive tract diseases and seriously affect their milk production. When drinking cows, it is best to heat the water to 10°C～25°C. In addition, dairy cows need water supply throughout the day and should not press Water. Practice has proved that in the winter, some concentrates will be brewed with boiled water into gruel for cows to drink, which can significantly increase milk production.

First, ensure sufficient drinking water

For conditional farms (households), automatic drinking fountains can be installed in cow houses to allow cattle to drink water at any time. It can also provide water regularly every day, usually 3 to 4 times a day, 5 to 6 times a day in summer. There should be a water tank in the stadium to ensure fresh and clean water supply. In short, regardless of the way water is supplied, it must be ensured that the cows drink enough water. In particular, high-yielding dairy cows cannot afford water shortage.

Second, ensure the health of drinking water

1. Ensure the safety of water sources The sources of water in the dairy farm should avoid pesticides, chemical plants, slaughterhouses, etc. to prevent contamination. The best source of water is tap water. If there is no tap water, if the well water or river water is selected as the water source, the water must be precipitated and sterilized before drinking. Generally, add 6-10 grams of bleaching powder per cubic meter of water or treat it with 0.2 grams of poison. When well water is selected, it is best to use deep well water. The well should be covered and sealed to prevent the entry of dirt and sewage. Grazing cows are better at monitoring water quality. Excessive hardness drinking water can generally take cold water to reduce its hardness. When fluoride content in drinking water of high-fluorine area is too high, aluminum sulfate and magnesium oxide can be added to drinking water to reduce fluorine content.

2. Guarantee drinking water appliances

Drinking water appliances should be kept clean, washed daily and regularly sterilized. Especially in summer, care should be taken to keep it clean. Prevent the growth of microorganisms and deteriorate the quality of water. Pay attention to the hygiene of the sink on the playground and do not ignore it.

Third, science to milk cows

The bovine body contains about 55% to 75% water, and all kinds of nutrients must be dissolved in water before they can be absorbed by the body and transported to the various parts of the body. At the same time, the delivery of body products and the release of body heat and body temperature are all related to water. . The water needed by cattle comes from the three parts of free drinking water, water contained in feed and organic nutrient metabolism water. The water in the cattle’s body passes through saliva, urine, feces and milk, sweats, evaporates on the surface, and escapes from the body. The amount of water discharged from cattle is affected by the environment temperature, humidity, respiratory rate, water intake, diet composition, and other factors. The amount of water consumed by cows is related to the amount of incoming and outgoing dry matter, climatic conditions, diet composition, and water quality. Under the same environment and physiological conditions, the gross amount of dry matter in and out of cattle is greater than that of small-bodied cattle, so the amount of drinking water increases with weight gain. Lactating calves consume more water per kilogram of dry matter than adults fed dry feed. In a climate of -17 to 27°C, the cow's estimated drinking water is 3.5 to 5.5 liters of water per kilogram of dry matter consumed, while calves must have 4 to 6.5 liters of water.

Drinking water temperature, season and day and night changes also affect the amount of cattle drinking water and production performance, cold weather, if the cattle drink warm water, you can increase the amount of drinking water. At high temperatures, when the temperature reaches 30°C or higher, the temperature of the water is reduced from 31°C to 18°C. The water consumption per cow can be reduced by 3.5 to 4.5 liters, the respiratory rate is reduced by 10% to 12%, and the weight gain is increased by 36%. The amount of milk consumed by cows is also affected by the type of feed and the amount of milk produced. A large dairy cow produces 10 to 15 kilograms of milk per day, and can feed 45 liters of water per day when feeding dry and juicy feed. Dry cows need to drink 35 litres a day; daily milk production 15 kg cows need 50 liters of water a day; daily milk about 40 kg high-produce cows need to drink 100 kg of water a day. During the hot season, the amount of water needed by cows exceeds that of spring and autumn and winter. If there is no automatic drinker, the cow needs to drink 2-3 times cooler water each day in summer. Adult cows need 4 liters of water per kilogram of dry matter fed daily. Every kilogram of milk produced requires 3 to 3.5 liters of water. The installation of automatic drinkers in the homes consumes 18% more water than drinking water twice a day, 3.5% more prolific milk, and 10.7% more milk production. With automatic drinkers, drinking water 10 times a day is 2/3 during the day and 1/3 is during the night (17:00~5:00). Therefore, it is advisable for multi-head dairy farmers to set up automatic drinkers in the dairy cowhouse.

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