In the early spring, seedling diseases such as tomato, bell pepper, eggplant, cucumber, watermelon, melon, etc. occur more severely in the greenhouse, and the most common diseases in the nursery stage are damping-off, blight, gray mold, and sclerotiorum. Anthrax, anthracnose, and roots are now described as follows. I. Occurrence characteristics of seedling disease 1. Overturning disease: When the seedlings are not unearthed or have just emerged, there are many occurrences, and the incidence of large seedlings is small. The emergence of seedlings without emergence, embryonic and cotyledon rot; emergence of seedling emergence, in the base of the young stem appeared flooding, yellow-brown lesions, followed by shrinking lesions were linear, seedlings dead, lodging. In the seedbed, the onset of individual seedlings began, and after a few days the seedlings were expanded to the surrounding seedlings, eventually causing the seedlings to fall. 2. Blight: The disease occurs at the time when the seedlings have been unearthed and before transplanting, especially in the later stages of the seedlings. At the beginning of the disease, the affected seedlings produce dark brown lesions at the base of stems. The seedlings are wilted during the day and can recover at night and in the morning. In severe cases, the lesions spread around the base of the whole stem, causing the stem base of the seedlings to shrink, and the shoots and leaves in the shoots die, but the diseased shoots do not stand upright. inverted. 3. Botrytis cinerea: Occurs mainly in the late stage of seedlings. The lesions appear light yellow-brown spots on the tip and leaf margins at the beginning of the disease, and then extend to the entire leaf, even young stems and growing points, resulting in the death of the upper end of the entire seedling. The disease occurs from the point to the film. When the temperature and humidity are appropriate, it often causes the seedbed to die. 4. Sclerotinia: Mainly endanger the stems of pepper, sweet pepper, cucumber, watermelon, melon, and other seedlings. In the early stage of disease, the lesions are water-stained and prone to watery rot when expanded, causing seedling lodging and death. 5. Anthracnose: At the onset of the onset cotyledons or leaves produce light brown small round or oval lesions, followed by development of a brown to dark brown lesions, the stems are damaged, resulting in oval strip brown lesions. When the temperature and humidity are appropriate, the young leaves and the growing points of the seedlings will easily die after being killed. 6. Roots: It is a kind of physiological disease. It usually shows that the seedlings will not grow new roots after being unearthed. The roots outside the roots will be rusty brown, decay gradually, the growth of stems and leaves will be inhibited, the leaves will gradually turn yellow, and new leaves will not be made. The diseased seedlings can be easily pulled out of the soil. In severe cases, the diseased plants will wilt and die. The root cause is mainly due to rainy days or heavy snowfall, lack of light, seedbed soil temperature is low, humidity is high, the ability of seedlings to absorb water is hindered. Second, the disease prevention and treatment measures 1. Requirements for seedbeds: The disease-free plots with high topography, leeward yang, unobstructed drainage, and loose and fertile soil should be selected for the seedbed. Bed soil should be made of disease-free new soil. If old bed soil or old garden soil is used, there is a possibility of colonization. Bed soil disinfection should normally be carried out. The method is to use 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 10g, 25% metalaxyl wettable powder 5g per square meter seedbed and 5 kg of fine soil, and pour the seedbed before spraying. Bottom water, after infiltrating the water, take 1/3 of the well-mixed medicinal soil and spread it on the surface. After sowing, cover the rest of the 2/3 of the medicinal soil on the seeds, so that the seeds are caught in the middle of the soil, and the effect is obvious and the efficacy is effective. long time. In order to prevent the introduction of pathogenic bacteria into the seedbed, adequately composted compost should be applied. 2. Strengthen seedbed management: seeds before sowing with 0.1% of 60% carbendazim hydrochloride ultrafine powder plus 0.1% Pingping soaking seeds for 50 to 60 minutes, rinse and clean after germination, is conducive to emergence. Nutrient seedlings or electric hotbed nursery, do a good job of seedbed frost insulation facilities. Cooling bed nursery should use insulation coverings, timely uncovering and controlling seedbed temperature. Control the watering of the seedbed and keep the surface of the bed soil dry. The air humidity in the shed should be 60% to 80%. Seedlings are watered in the sunny and warm weather from 10 to 12 o'clock in the morning. After watering, they are dampened at noon. Avoid watering in the evening so as not to increase the humidity in the greenhouse after the water is enclosed to prevent the disease. Increased light can improve the disease resistance of seedlings. As long as the seedbed temperature permits, it is necessary to remove the opaque cover on the seedbed as soon as possible, cover it properly in the afternoon and cover it on rainy days. 3. Chemical control: For damping-off disease, blight and anthrax, the initial stage of the disease is sprayed with 15% of Toxicloxone 400 times, 2~3 kilograms per square meter of nursery seedlings; 58% of anti-drug is also available. Mn-Zn 500 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 500 times or 50% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 500 times spray, the control effect is very good. For seedling gray mold and sclerotium, it can be sprayed with 50% fasting WP 1000 times solution or 30% naroli wettable powder 1000 times solution. The above agents are sprayed once every 7 to 10 days during the onset of disease, and sprayed continuously for 2 to 3 times. For the prevention and control of roots, the fundamental measure is to reduce soil moisture and increase soil temperature.
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