Watermelon is a high-yield cash crop that is warm-loving, cold-tolerant, and requires more fertilizer. Generally speaking, nitrogen fertilizer is the basis for high quality and high yield of watermelon. Sufficient phosphate fertilizer can promote plant growth and development, promote flower bud differentiation, make it bloom early, sit melon early, mature early, and potassium is a catalyst for various enzymes in plants , Can promote photosynthesis, protein synthesis, sugar increase, improve the quality of melons, etc. Therefore, to obtain high quality and high yield of watermelon, scientific fertilization is the key. The general principle of watermelon fertilization is to re-apply organic fertilizer, appropriate application of nitrogen fertilizer, steady application of phosphorus fertilizer, additional application of potassium fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium combined application of three elements, moderate application of trace element fertilizer. The amount of fertilization is determined by the target yield. For example, under medium fertility conditions, when the target yield is 2500-3500 kg / mu, nitrogen (N) 20-30 kg, phosphorus (P2O5) 8-12 kg, and potassium (K2O) 30 ~ 40 kg. Fertilization should refer to watermelon's fertilization rule in each growth period. As a crop that likes fat, temperature and water tolerance, watermelon has a preference for potassium and boron, and the ratio of demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is roughly 3: 1: 4. In general, watermelon nutrient absorption is less in the early stage, more in the middle stage, and less in the later stage. The total absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the seedling stage accounted for 0.18% to 0.25% of the entire growth period; the rapid growth of stems and leaves during the extension period, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium also increased, and the absorption amount accounted for 20% of the whole growth period ~ 30%; after sitting on the melon, the absorption of N, P and K reached the highest peak in the whole growth period, accounting for 65% to 75% of the whole growth period; the total nutrient absorption during the mature period accounted for the whole growth period 5% ～ 10%. Watermelon absorbs potassium the most during the whole growth period, followed by nitrogen and phosphorus the least. Nitrogen fertilizer was the main factor before sitting melon, and potassium absorption increased sharply after sitting melon; the absorption of nitrogen and potassium in the mature stage was significantly reduced, and the absorption of phosphorus increased relatively; the amount of nitrogen and potassium absorbed in the hair removal stage was basically equal. The absorption ratios of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in watermelon at different growth stages are roughly: seedling stage 3.8: 1: 2.8, extension period 3.6: 1: 1.7, melon growth period 3.5: 1: 4.6. Therefore, early nitrogen needs sufficient nitrogen fertilizer to ensure and promote vegetative growth; at the seedling stage, topdressing nitrogen fertilizer; mid-term should pay attention to the appropriate amount of phosphorus fertilizer application; after entering the expansion period, mainly topdressing potassium fertilizer to promote fruit yield and quality improve. The critical period of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrition for watermelon is at seedling stage, the critical period for potassium nutrition is at extension stage, and the maximum efficiency period for watermelon nutrition is at melon stage. In the current watermelon cultivation process, there are too many nitrogen fertilizers, phosphate fertilizers, potassium fertilizers, organic fertilizers, and trace elements, and melon farmers should pay attention to avoid them. base fertilizer The base fertilizer is the basis of the life-long nutrition supply of watermelon. It not only supplies the nutrients needed for growth, but also improves the soil and improves the fertility. The dosage accounts for 1/2 ～ 2/3 of the fertilizer used throughout the growing period. One is organic fertilizer. Generally, apply fully cooked chicken manure or cow dung and other organic fertilizers 1-2 square meters / mu or commercial organic fertilizer 200-400 kg / mu, and rot cake fertilizer 80-100 kg / mu (bean cake is the best cake fertilizer). The second is fertilizer. Apply compound fertilizer (15-15-15) 25 ～ 35 kg / mu or other proportion of compound fertilizer and diammonium phosphate 6 ～ 15 kg / mu. top dressing The principle is to lightly apply seedling fertilizer, cleverly apply vine manure, and reapply swelling melon fertilizer. At the seedling stage, the application of a small amount of quick-release fertilizer when 2 to 4 true leaves can accelerate growth. Method one is to apply an arc ditch at a distance of 15 cm from the seedlings; second is to pierce an eye hole at a distance of 10 cm from the seedlings, sprinkle the fertilizer into the holes, then seal the soil to level the ground, and then point the water, watering 2 ~ 3 kg. Fertilizer selection is mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer, generally applying 8 to 15 kg of urea per mu. During the vine extension period, the watermelon has 5 to 6 leaves and the vine grows about 15 cm. The growth rate is accelerated, and the nutrient requirements increase. At this time, applying fertilizer can promote the rapid extension of the vine and expand the leaf area. The method is to open a fertilizer topping ditch with a depth of 10 cm, a width of 10 cm, and a length of about 40 cm between the two seedlings of watermelon. Organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer are applied together, 40-100 kg of decomposed cake fertilizer or 100-150 kg of biogas fertilizer are applied per mu, 15-20 kg of urea and 15-20 kg of potassium sulfate are added. The amount of top dressing for transplanting seedlings can be more appropriate, and apply 20 to 25 kg of ammonium sulfate or urea per mu. Fertilizer ditch can be smaller, 5 to 6 cm deep, 7 to 8 cm wide, and about 30 cm long. Water should be poured once after fertilization to promote the absorption of fertilizer. The cake fertilizer should be watered once more. During the flowering and sitting melon period, generally no top dressing or watering, but when the plant is found to be poorly grown, the ovary is small, and it is not easy to set fruit, take early measures. Observe the growth of the plant when entering the female flower. If you need top dressing, you can use foliar top dressing to remedy. Formulated with 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, foliar fertilizer, spray once every 5 days, the best effect in the evening, to prevent spraying around noon. Spray 2 to 3 times of fertilizer and find that the growth is still very weak. You can also chase the fertilizer once when flowering and water it once. The fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and the amount is small. You can apply 5 to 6 kg of urea per mu. In the swell-up period, when the female flowers in the normal part of the melon sit on the melon, and the young melon grows to the size of an egg, fertilization should be applied to promote the swelling of the melon body and prevent premature aging. The method is to ditch the plant at a distance of 30-40 cm from the root and water it in combination with fertilization. Fertilizers mainly consist of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, combined with nitrogen fertilizers. If nitrogen fertilizers are applied excessively, the quality will decline. The swelling melon fertilizer is generally applied in two top dressings. The first time is when the young melon grows to the size of an egg. This period is dominated by nitrogen and potassium fertilizers, with 15-20 kg of diammonium phosphate and 10-15 kg of potassium sulfate per mu. The second time is when the melon grows to the size of the bowl mouth, topdressing 5-7 kg of urea and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate per acre, can be topped with water or watered immediately after sprinkling. Foliar and fertilizing Spraying 0.1% -0.2% borax solution twice before the watermelon blooms and when it starts to swell, it can effectively prevent the melon skin from being too thick and hollow, but also has obvious effects of increasing yield, promoting thin skin, and improving meat and sweetness. After the application of swelling melon fertilizer, it is generally no longer topdressing before harvesting, to prevent the delay of the ripening period. If there is a lack of fertilizer (such as vines with yellowing and premature aging), 0.2% to 0.3% urea and 0.2% to 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for foliar fertilizer. After the watermelon seedlings are sealed with ridges, water-soluble fertilizers containing humic acid and amino acids can also be applied to enhance root vitality and increase yield and quality. Disclaimer: Some articles of this website are transferred from the Internet. If the legal rights of third parties are involved, please inform this website for processing. phone Organic Reishi mushroom extract powder is extracted from Ganoderma lucidum fungus fruit bodies through water or alcohol. It is easily oxidized and deteriorated, so the storage conditions are very strict. The main components of reishi mushroom extract are made of Ganoderma triterpene and Ganoderma polysaccharide.
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