Spring temperatures have risen, everything has recovered, silage has begun to grow, and bacteria and viruses have become active, so cows are most susceptible to infectious diseases this season. At the same time, this season is also the golden season for dairy cows to produce milk. The following small series will talk about the management points and precautions of spring dairy cows.

First, regular deworming

1. The newly introduced cows should be strictly quarantined and repelled after breeding.

2, large-scale deworming every spring and autumn 2 seasons or when switching to the group. Commonly used anthelmintic drugs and usage: aphids, gastrointestinal nematodes and lung nematodes use albendazole, 5-10 mg per kilogram of body weight; schistosomiasis with praziquantel, 30-50 mg per kilogram of body weight; liver flukes with diced, per kilogram of body weight 40 ~ 50mg; Trypanosoma cruzi, Pearworm and Bovine Tyler insects with Bernier, formulated with 5% ~ 7% solution per kilogram body weight 3 ~ 5mg, deep muscle injection; leather fly maggots and calves with 1% enemy The insect solution is sprayed on the affected part.

3, yak 1 month old and 6 months old each deworming 1 time.

Second, the hoof repair

In order to prevent the high incidence of summer hoof disease, the cattle hoof is repaired once in the spring, the diseased hoof and the deformed hoof are repaired, the bandage is cleaned, and the treatment is followed.

Third, do a good job in disease prevention and control

1. Foot and mouth disease

Winter and early spring are the seasons of frequent foot-and-mouth disease, and special attention should be paid to closed management and vaccination. Vaccination is the most reliable preventive measure. The immunization program is injected every 3 months, 4 times a year, and the protection rate is high. The yak can be priming from 60 days old to 90 days old. The dose is half of the adult cattle. The booster immunization is performed at intervals of 1 month, and then immunized once every 3 months. The immune effect test can be performed 21 days after the vaccination. The sample is sent to the testing department for testing. The general sampling rate is 5%~10%. It is recommended to use the high-end triple vaccine produced by regular manufacturers. It has high efficiency and good effect. It requires one cow and one needle, and the immune density is 100%.

2, viral diarrhea (BVDV)

Viral diarrhea is more common in yak, and adult cattle and young cattle rarely have clinical symptoms. Prevalence is high in late winter and spring, and prevention is the key. Disease-free cattle farms should strengthen the veterinary prevention system: adhere to the principle of self-supporting and self-supporting. When you want to introduce cows, you should first conduct a serum neutralization test on the newly purchased cattle, and the negative ones will enter the field again. It is strictly forbidden to introduce sick cows into the field. The bull and its semen can spread the disease, so do not use the semen of the diseased bull. Serological examination of the whole group of cattle is carried out regularly to keep abreast of the prevalence of the disease in the herd. If a small number of bovine antibodies are found to be positive, they should be eliminated to prevent the disease from expanding.

3, cows winter ç—¢

Winter scorpion is a disease with strong seasonal outbreak. It is popular in late autumn to early spring. The incidence of dairy cows is significantly higher than that of bred cattle. The yak is only occasionally ill, which is likely to cause great economic losses. The preventive measures are: strengthen feeding management, enhance the body's resistance, rationally match the diet, and maintain the stability of the feed. Reduce stress response, try to drink warm water in cold weather, keep the house dry, and put soft padding in the barn. Do not feed frozen feed and drink cold water. Strengthen the disinfection and disinfection in the house, and use 2% caustic soda solution or other disinfectant to spray and disinfect the cow house and the sports field regularly.

Fourth, do a good job of daily sanitation

1. Environmental disinfection. The surrounding environment and sports ground of the barn are disinfected once a week with 2% sodium hydroxide or lime. The wastewater around the field, the sewage pool and the sewer in the field are disinfected once a month with bleaching powder. Disinfection tanks are installed at the entrance of the gate and the entrance to the barn, disinfected with 2% sodium hydroxide solution, and in principle replaced once a day.

2. Personnel disinfection. It is forbidden for outsiders to enter the production area. When the staff enters the production area, they must undergo strict disinfection and strictly abide by the health and epidemic prevention system of the cattle farm. The breeding personnel should have regular physical examinations. If they are suffering from diseases and diseases, they should not enter the production area. They should seek medical treatment on the off-site in time. Spray disinfection and hand washing with 0.2%~0.3% peracetic acid solution or other effective liquid, and replace it once a day.

3, utensils disinfection. Regularly sterilize feeding utensils, troughs, feed warehouses, etc., with 0.1% chlorhexidine or 0.2% to 0.5% peroxyacetic acid; daily utensils such as veterinary utensils, midwifery equipment, seeding equipment, milking equipment and milk tanks, etc. Thoroughly clean and disinfect before and after use.

4, with cattle environment disinfection. The cattle environment is disinfected regularly with 0.1% benzalkonium chloride, 0.3% peroxyacetic acid, 0.1% sodium hypochlorite. Disinfectants should be prevented from contaminating milk during disinfection.

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5. Sterilization of cattle. The milking, midwifery, breeding, injection and any other aspects of the cow should be disinfected before handling.

6. Cleaning and disinfection of facilities in the production area. In the spring and autumn, 0.1%~0.3% peracetic acid or 1.5%~2% caustic soda is used for a comprehensive disinfection of the cattle house and the cattle ring. The cow bed and the trough are disinfected 1~2 times a month.

7. Cow manure treatment. The cow dung is subjected to accumulation fermentation treatment, and the cow manure is deposited, and disinfected once a week with 2% to 4% caustic soda.

8. The feed storage area should be cleaned, washed and disinfected regularly.

V. Do a good job in the production and storage plan of silage

1, silage wheat: into the growing season, first, according to the seedlings, moderately topdressing, to prevent lodging, is not conducive to late mechanical harvesting; second, it is forbidden to apply high-toxic, high-residue agents.

2. Spring silage corn: According to the scale of dairy cows in the pasture, the production plan is set for 7 tons of silage per year for each cow, the land area is implemented, the corn seeds are prepared, and the seeds are ready for planting in March. There is no supporting planting area to sign the acquisition contract with the professional planting cooperative according to the standard requirements.

Spring cows lactating skills:

First, keep the room temperature

Maintaining a suitable temperature The critical temperature required for milk production is 20 °C. It is difficult to reach this temperature in early spring, except for using a warm shed to raise cattle. At the very least, the temperature should be kept at 10 °C.

Second, to ensure comprehensive nutrition

Feeding diets on the basis of feeding hay or silage should improve the nutritional level of the diet. Reference formula: 50% cornmeal, 30% bean cake, 10% bran, 3% fat, 1.5% salt, 2% bone powder, 1.5% baking soda, 2% milk premix. When there is no green feed, 3 to 5 kg of chopped carrots, potatoes or fresh Chinese cabbage leaves should be fed every day. On the basis of normal milk production, for every 3 kg of milk, 1 to 1.5 kg of mixed concentrate should be added.

Third, supply sufficient amount of warm water

Supply sufficient amount of warm water in the early spring. If the cows drink cold water, the cows will consume a lot of body heat and reduce the milk production; insufficient drinking water will cause certain diseases. Therefore, care should be taken to supply a sufficient amount of water at around 16 °C.

Fourth, keep the house health

Keeping the house is hygienic and dry, so it is necessary to put more padding, hay padding, remove the manure in time, and often sprinkle some lime powder or grass ash in the house. This can not only reduce the humidity inside the house, but also disinfect and prevent disease.

Fifth, insist on sun exposure

Adhere to the sun, exercise in the warm and sunny weather, at least let the cows exercise for two hours every day, and then take them to the sun in the leeward sun to strengthen the blood circulation, help digestion, increase milk production.

The above is the spring management skills of dairy cows. The climate in spring is changeable. In the process of dairy farming, if the feeding management is not at home, the cow will suffer from various diseases. Therefore, farmers should strengthen the prevention of spring disease in dairy cows and improve the management technology of dairy farming.

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