The blood-brain barrier is non-invasively opened, and the cause of the disease worsens. The patients with Alzheimer's disease see the hope. July 31, 2018 Source: Science and Technology Daily Author: Zhang Meng Ran Visual China In 1910, a disease with progressive dementia was named Alzheimer's disease. Now that more than 100 years have passed, the medical community has still not fully understood its cause and has not found a cure. The latest result is that a Canadian clinical trial conducted a phase 1 clinical trial to open the blood-brain barrier of five Alzheimer's patients in a non-invasive and reversible manner, and this procedure is very safe; A mouse study in the United States has shown that meningeal lymphatic dysfunction is a factor that aggravates cognitive dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Rapidly reversible open blood-brain barrier In order to protect relatively independent brain tissue, a natural barrier between the brain and the body is formed during the evolution process - the blood-brain barrier (BBB). The blood-brain barrier prevents the therapeutic drug from reaching the brain. Focused ultrasound combined with microbubble technology can effectively open the blood-brain barrier and clear amyloid in the brain of Alzheimer's animal model. In addition, focused ultrasound can also act on brain tumor patients through an implant device. According to a recent clinical trial published by the British journal Nature Communications, Neil Lipsman and colleagues at the Sunnyvale Health Science Center in Canada, using non-invasive devices, for five light to moderate Alzheimers The patients with the disease (three males, two females) underwent focused ultrasound irradiation on the amyloid accumulation area of ​​the right frontal lobe. The results showed that this operation can quickly and reversibly open the blood-brain barrier of five patients without significant adverse reactions. The current research proves that the operation process is very safe, which undoubtedly brings dawn to many patients who are deeply involved. However, no significant clinical changes were detected in the patient's amyloid imaging markers and cognitive function. In other words, the efficacy of focused ultrasound in improving the clinical symptoms of Alzheimer's disease is inconclusive. Whether it can effectively remove amyloid and improve cognitive function still needs to be confirmed by large-scale studies. Clarify the reasons for the worsening of the condition We know that Alzheimer's disease occurs mostly in old age and is characterized by progressive loss of cognitive function in the brain. This is a central nervous system degenerative disease, and the meningeal lymphatic vessels are the lymphatic network of the central nervous system draining large molecules. Now scientists believe that meningeal lymphatic dysfunction, or Alzheimer's disease pathology and age-related A factor that exacerbates cognitive dysfunction. Previously, researchers have found lymphatic vessels in the meninges of rodents, non-human primates, and humans, but the role of lymphatic vessels in the central nervous system and in central nervous system diseases is unclear. In a recent mouse study published in the journal Nature in the United Kingdom, the University of Virginia scientist Jonathan Chipney and colleagues confirmed that the meningeal lymphatic vessels can intercalate the cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue in the central nervous system. Large molecules are drained to the cervical lymph nodes. They found that impaired meningeal lymphatic function in adult young rats leads to decreased learning and memory. In addition, the meningeal lymphatic function of aged mice is severely disrupted or causes some age-related cognitive dysfunction. After receiving vascular endothelial growth factor C, the ability of the meningeal lymphatics to clear the macromolecules in the cerebrospinal fluid and interstitial fluid is enhanced, and the learning and memory ability is correspondingly improved. In the Alzheimer's disease transgenic mouse model, impaired meningeal lymphatic function promotes amyloid deposition in the meninges, which is very similar to the meningeal pathology of human Alzheimer's disease. The research team therefore believes that enhancing meningeal lymphatic function may prevent or delay age-related neurological diseases. Constantly approaching the truth of the cause Human beings have nothing to do with Alzheimer's disease, and an important reason is the "missing" of the cause of the disease. Pathologically, senile plaques formed by β-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, neurofibrillary tangles caused by hyperphosphorylation of Tau protein, and neuronal death and synaptic loss are considered to be Alzheimer's disease. Three important characteristics, and therefore also derived from the three universities, long-term debate. However, for individual patients, the disease may have as many as 30 possible factors, including family history, female, head trauma, low education level, thyroid disease, too high or too low maternal age, viral infection and so on. Such a disease with unknown causes and incurable disease is not uncommon. According to the International Alzheimer's Association, there are currently approximately 48 million patients worldwide. Therefore, the scientific community has invested a great deal of effort in studying the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and exploring the corresponding treatment programs. In addition to the pathological research, the etiology of the disease is approaching, and the advent of some drugs has improved in prevention and treatment. Effect. Although scientists have discovered some clues, if the human brain is compared to a maze, the exploration has just begun. To truly prevent and treat Alzheimer's disease, it is necessary to bravely go down in this maze.
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