How to cultivate open field leeks? Amaranth is a family of Liliaceae, which is cold-resistant and heat-resistant. It can be produced all year round and can be supplied to the market on an annual basis. Vegetable farmers should aim at the market consumption needs, use scientific cultivation measures, adopt the method of open field cultivation, and carefully manage them to achieve high yield and stable yield of open field leeks.

1 variety selection

According to the biological characteristics of amaranth and the local climatic environment, the local vegetable farmers chose heat-resistant, cold-resistant, winter "back to roots" late, early spring, early leaves, less fiber, suitable for local cultivation of amaranth varieties.

2 plot selection

The cultivation of amaranth in open field should choose sandy loam or loamy land with flat terrain, convenient drainage and irrigation, deep soil tillage, fertile and loose soil, and no onion and garlic crops in the past 3 years.

3 cultivating strong seedlings

3.1 seedbed preparation

3~5d before the sowing, 37.5~52.5t/hm2 of high-quality ash fertilizer or 37.5t/hm 2 of refined pig manure, 750kg/hm 2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer, used as bottom fertilizer on the seedbed, and ploughed After ploughing, it is made into a scorpion with a width of 1.2 m.

3.2 sowing

The local temperature can be sown at 12 °C, and the local is generally sown during the convulsion to the Qingming period. The seed amount is 112.5~150.0 kg/hm 2 , and the seeding method is spread. Generally, seedlings of 1 hm 2 seedbed can be planted in 4 to 5 hm 2 fields. Because the amaranth seed coat is hard, it is not easy to absorb water, and the germination is slow. Therefore, the bottom water should be poured before planting to ensure that the seeds absorb enough water and keep the soil moist, and then spread the dried seeds mixed with 50% carbendazim WP. After spreading, cover the wet fine soil of 1.5 to 2.0 cm thick. Finally, a layer of straw is covered on the covered moist soil to increase the temperature of the seedbed and prevent water loss, promote the early emergence of seedlings, and increase the germination rate.

3.3 seedbed management

In general, the management of seedbed bed should master the principle of “before promoting and then squatting”. When most of the seeds are germinated and the tip of the leaves is exposed to the soil, the straw should be removed and the water should be poured once. The amaranth seedlings grew from the first true leaves to 2 to 3 leaves, and the roots were weak and mostly distributed on the soil surface. Therefore, the seedbed should not be short of water. Generally, water is poured once every 5 to 7 days to keep the soil moist. When the seedlings are as high as 10 cm, the urea is applied with water 150-180 kg/hm2. When the seedlings are as high as 15~18cm, the roots of the amaranth seedlings are relatively developed. At this time, the water should be properly controlled to prevent the growth of the amaranth seedlings from being too high and too fine, causing lodging after the intrusion. During the nursery period, it is necessary to timely control the pests and diseases.

4 Site preparation

Before planting, Dashu applied 37.5～45.0t/hm 2 of chicken manure or 75 t/hm 2 of refined pig manure, and 750 kg/hm 2 of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ternary compound fertilizer and 30～45 kg/hm of zinc sulfate. Do the earthwork. When the soil is prepared, the clods are required to be finely divided and the kneading surface is flat. The kneading surface is 3 to 4 m wide and the kneading surface is lower than about 5 cm.

When the spring planting of the leek seedlings is as high as 15-20 cm and there are 4 to 5 true leaves, the local colonization period is generally before and after the mang species. 2 to 3 days before seedlings, nursery nursery should be poured 1 foot of water to facilitate seedlings. After the leek is sprouted, it is necessary to shake off the soil and cut off the end of the roots, leaving the roots about 3 cm; at the same time, cut the tip of the leaf, leaving only about 10 cm of leaf length. When planting, you should pay attention to planting with you, and do not plant overnight seedlings. And require planting and planting. The planting method of leeks is small clumps, 8 to 10 seedlings per plexus, with a row spacing of 20 cm and a plexus distance of 10 cm. The depth of colonization is 2.5-3.0 cm, which should not be too deep or too shallow. Too much water content in the soil, insufficient oxygen content, easy to affect the occurrence of new roots and even cause rotten roots; and if the temperature is too high, the transpiration is too strong, it is easy to cause excessive loss of water and dryness of the leaves, delaying the slow seedlings. Therefore, it is best to avoid the high temperature and high humidity season when planting amaranth.

5 Post-plant management

5.1 Scientific watering

After planting, pour 1 foot of water, then pour it once every other day, after 2 or 3 times, when the amaranth grows new roots and new leaves, re-watering once, then cultivating the seedlings, during the whole growth and harvest stage Keep the soil moist. When the soil is dry, it should be watered in the evening or early morning; pay attention to timely drainage when encountering cockroaches, to prevent the cockroach from being affected by cockroaches or dead seedlings, especially during rainy periods such as the rainy season, etc., to keep the gully unblocked. After entering October, the temperature gradually decreased, the growth rate of leeks slowed down, the root absorption capacity decreased, and the nutrients in the leaves gradually transported to the lower part of the ground and stored in the bulbs and roots. At this time, watering should be reduced, and the principle that the ground should not be watered or not should be mastered. If too much water is poured, it will lead to plant love, affecting the accumulation of nutrients.

5.2 knife and top dressing

In principle, fertilization requires the combination of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the combination of quick-acting fertilizer and delayed-effect fertilizer to improve the quality of amaranth. 2 to 3 days after each harvest, it is necessary to apply fertilizer once in a timely manner. Generally, the cooked pig manure is 37.5~45.0 t/hm 2 or the decomposed rapeseed cake is 1 050~1 200 kg/hm 2 + urea 225-300. Kg/hm 2 to meet the nutrients needed for the growth of amaranth stems and leaves. In the fertilization method, the pig manure and urine are poured, and the cake fertilizer and urea are generally applied in the ditch line.

5.3 Covering the soil in early spring

Amaranth has the characteristics of jumping roots. Every spring, the buds of leeks are covered with a layer of fertile, disease-free and weed-free stalks. The thickness of the soil is about 2 cm, which is good for the germination of new roots and the absorption and storage of nutrients. .

6 pest and disease control

The diseases of the cultivation of leeks in open field mainly include gray mold and disease, and the main pests are cockroaches, thrips and leaf miners. For the control of gray mold, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution or 50% keering WP 1500 to 1500 times solution is sprayed, and 1 to 2 knives are sprayed once. If it is found that the amaranth epidemic center should immediately spray 72% manganese-zinc cream vein wettable powder 700 times solution, once every 10 days, for 2 to 3 times. The control of earthworms is generally carried out in summer or autumn with 50% phoxim or 40% dimethoate 1 000 times liquid foliar spray or root irrigation; thrips and leaf miners can be controlled with imidacloprid and pyrethroid pesticides. Weeds are the main enemy in the production of open field leeks. After sowing, 33% of weeding emulsifiable concentrate can be sprayed before sowing. After emergence, 20% of the emulsifiable concentrate can be used to spray the stems and leaves.

7 timely harvest

The leeks cultivated in the open field can be harvested from the end of March to the beginning of November. In summer and autumn, the temperature is high, the leek grows fast, and 1 knife can be harvested every 15 days. When the temperature is low in early spring and late autumn, the leek grows slowly, and 1 knife is harvested every 20 to 25 days. The leeks are harvested too early, and the yield is low. When the harvest is too late, the yellow leaves of the leaves increase, the fiber of the leaves increases, and the quality decreases. Generally grasp the leaves "round tip" and harvest. Harvesting should be carried out on a sunny morning, leaving 2 to 3 cm, and rainy weather can be harvested throughout the day. After each 1 knives harvest, the cultivator will be ploughed in time. When the stems and leaves of the leeks are germinated 8 to 10 cm, the wounds heal, and the fertilizer can be topdressed.

8 regular rotation

Although the leek is a perennial vegetable, it should not be too long in the same year. Generally, it should be rotated once in 3 to 4 years, or the roots of the old amaranth should be shaved, the lower roots of the lower layer should be cut, and the new field should be replanted. Otherwise, it will lead to a decrease in the yield of amaranth, aggravation of pests and diseases, deterioration of quality, and a significant decline in annual benefits.

The above is all the key points of the cultivation techniques of amaranth, and the farmers who want to grow amaranth can refer to it more, and pay attention to Huinong.com and more new agricultural technologies waiting for you to study!

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