The Philippine oil fruit is native to Brazil and Uruguay. In recent years, some areas of China have also introduced and cultivated Philippine oil fruit. However, due to the current research and application of Philippine oil fruit in China, the seedlings are mainly imported and marketed. The gap is huge, and the supply of seedlings is in short supply, thus limiting the promotion of Philippine fruit in China. Let's take a look at the research progress of the introduction and cultivation technology of Philippine oil fruit in order to provide reference for the development and utilization of Philippine oil fruit.

1 Introduction and cultivation status of Philippine oil fruit in China and its development and utilization prospects

At present, the introduction of Philippine oil fruit in China mainly includes Zhejiang Province, Jiangsu Province, Sichuan Province, Hunan Province, Tianjin City, and Shanghai Municipality. Introduced Philippine fruit varieties mainly

There are Anatoki, Kakariki, Barton, Coolidge, Mammoth, Unique, Apollo, Gemini, Triumph, etc., including early, middle and late maturing varieties. The Philippine oil fruit has strong adaptability, such as light, cold, drought, heat, salt and alkali, and is suitable for planting in South China and Southwest China.

The Philippine oil fruit is an evergreen tree species. The leaves can absorb dust and purify the air. The leaves are rich in phenolic substances, flavonoids and VC. They have strong antioxidant capacity and can be used to develop natural antioxidants, anti-tumor drugs, anti-inflammatory drugs and health care. The products are resistant to pruning and will give off a fresh smell after being trimmed. They can be used as flower beds, hedges, garden greening, potted plants, landscape trees, etc., and enrich the types of greening trees; their colors are bright, the flowers are pleasant, and they are easy to attract bees. Insects such as butterflies and ants are easy to pollinate, flowers are available for viewing, and are rich in anthocyanins. They have a variety of health functions. They can be eaten directly, and can also be developed into health care products and medicines. The fruit is sweet and delicious, with a mixture of pineapple and strawberry. Aroma, often attracts birds and insects for feeding, and fruit harvesting is convenient. The content of iodine compound in the fresh fruit is 1. 65 to 3. 90 mg / kg, which is the first of the fruit, is called "wisdom fruit". The fresh fruit contains VC 280 ~ 350 mg / kg, sugar 100 ~ 160 g / kg, organic acid 3 ~ 14 g / kg, protein 9 g / kg, fat 2 g / kg, potassium 1 660 mg / kg, sodium 50 mg / kg, calcium 40 mg / kg, magnesium 80 mg / kg, phosphorus 100 mg / kg, iron 0. 5 mg / kg, with high nutritional value, can be used to develop fresh fruit, jam, canned food, jelly, beverages, natural flavors, Food Additives and other products. It is an important economic tree species that integrates greening, ornamental and food. Broad development prospects.

2 Propylene fruit reproduction technology

The breeding methods of Philippine oil fruit are divided into sexual reproduction and asexual reproduction. For sexual reproduction, seed reproduction is carried out. Asexual reproduction is divided into tissue culture, cutting propagation, layering, and grafting.

2. 1 Seed breeding seeds have low reproductive cost, large reproductive coefficient, simple and easy method, and the obtained seedlings are robust, roots are developed, and resistance is strong. Gao Chao and other studies found that storage time, soaking time, hormone type and concentration have a certain impact on the germination rate of Philippine oil seeds. The germination rate of seeds decreased significantly with the prolongation of storage time. The seed germination rate was 36 h, and the germination rate was 86%. 10 mg /LIAA solution and 150 mg / L GA3 can prematurely germination of seeds, speed up germination, and increase germination rate to a certain extent. Zhang Meng et al also confirmed this point. After the fruit was harvested, the seeds were taken out immediately, rinsed in clear water for 24 h, and the seedlings were released 11 days later. The emergence rate was as high as 93%, and the emergence rate decreased with the prolongation of storage time. Storage of seeds in refrigerators at 4 °C is superior to storage of preserved fruits. The authors found that the seeds were taken out immediately after harvesting, and after rinsing, they were immersed in distilled water for 18-24 hours, and the seedlings were incubated at 20 °C at room temperature. The seedlings could be emerged in 10 days, the peaking period was reached in 20 days, and the emergence rate reached 30 days. 95%, no need to use hormones for germination. Seedling trays should be prepared for seedlings, and the seedling trays should be sprayed and disinfected with 800 times KMnO4.

The seedling substrate is uniformly mixed with sand, fine soil and peat soil at a ratio of 1:1:1, and autoclaved at high temperature. The substrate is plated, water is poured, and the treated seeds are evenly spread on the surface layer of the substrate, and the appropriate amount is 1000 times. Ling solution, after the film is sprayed in a greenhouse without direct sunlight at 15 ~ 25 °C, when the emergence rate reaches 50%, the film is uncovered and transferred to the scattered light, the seedling height is 3 cm, and 4 pieces are grown. When the leaves are real, they can be moved to the trays or net bags to grow the seedlings or mesh bag seedlings. The phenanthrene oil fruit has large variation, and it is difficult to maintain the excellent traits of the mother tree in seed reproduction. In order to solve this problem, asexual reproduction technology has become a research hotspot.

2. 2 Tissue culture of leaves, stem segments, shoot tips, seeds, stamens, pistils, flowers, etc. of Philippine oil can be used as tissue culture materials. The leaves and stem segments of Philippine oil fruit contain a lot of polyphenols, which are easy to brown and have more endophytic bacteria. The disinfection time of ethanol, mercury, sodium hypochlorite and other disinfectants is slightly longer, which may lead to browning of materials. Short, the material is extremely susceptible to pollution, which is a major technical difficulty for the organization. Zeng Yanling et al. used 1 to 2 side buds under the top bud as material, rinsed with running water for 30 min, rinsed with distilled water for 2 to 3 times, and sequentially used ethanol, 0. 1% liter of mercury is a two-step disinfection method with a budding rate of 0, a contamination rate of 20% to 40%, a call rate of 20% to 40%, and a browning rate of 20% to 80%. The germination rate of the sterile seedlings with seed germination was 100%, no pollution, no browning, and the optimal starting medium combination was selected as MS + 6 - BA 0. 5 mg / L, the combination of proliferation and strong seedling medium is MS + 6 - BA 0. 2 mg / L + IBA 0. 2 mg / L, the rooting medium combination is 1 /2MS + IBA 0. 5 mg / L. Deng Wenzhao used 0. 1%, 0. 2% liters of mercury treatment with bud stem segments for 6, 9, 12 min, the pollution rate can be controlled from 6% to 22%, and the appropriate medium combination is selected as MS + 6 - BA 2 mg / L + IBA 1. 5 mg / L + NAA 0. 2 mg / L. Using flower organs as explants to induce callus, the contamination rate was 0-6%, the browning rate was 0-9%, and the cure rate was 40%-100%. The best medium for petal callus induction was selected. For MS + 6 -BA 0. 5 mg/L + KT 1. 0 mg/L + 2,4- D 1. 0 mg/L; The best medium for callus induction in ovary is MS + 6 - BA 2. 0 mg/L + KT 0. 5 mg/L+ 2,4- D 1. 0 mg/L; The optimal medium for anther callus induction is MS+ 6 - BA 2. 0 mg /L + KT 0. 5 mg / L + 2,4- D 1. 0 mg / L. When using phenanthrene seeds for somatic embryogenesis, the best method for seed sterilization is 1. Soak for 0 h with 0% NaClO. Jiang Jianping first disinfected with 75% ethanol for 1 min, washed once with sterile water, disinfected with 2% Jieermin for 15 min, washed once with sterile water, and finally disinfected with 5% NaClO and a few drops of Tween 80 for 13 min. Washing with sterile water 4 times, the method is used for seed disinfection, the pollution rate is 0, and the contamination rate for stem segment disinfection is as high as 95% to 100%, and the proliferation medium is MS + 6 - BA1. 0 mg /L + IBA 0. 1 mg / L, the proliferation coefficient is 2. 15 ~ 3. 50, the rooting medium formula is 1 /2 MS + IBA 0. 5 mg / L. The best disinfection method for screening the phenanthrene fruit explants by Liu Hongzhang and so on is 70% ethanol wet, and the new shoots and stem segments are respectively 0. 1% mercuric acid disinfection for 4, 6 min, then inoculated to 1 /2 MS + DTT 100mg / L + VC 100 mg / L + streptomycin sulfate 100 mg / L + carbenicillin 250 mg / L, to obtain normal growth The number of explants is as high as 95%. Wang Dan et al. found that the optimal medium for callus induction of ovary, petal, calyx and stamen of Philippine oil was MS + 2,4-D 1. 0 mg /L + KT 0. 5 mg / L; MS + 2,4- D 1. 0 mg /L + NAA 0. 1 mg + KT 1. 0 mg / L; MS + 2,4 - D 1. 0 mg /L + KT 1. 0 mg / L; MS + 2,4- D 2. 0 mg /L +NAA 0. 1 mg / L. According to the comparison test, the disinfection methods of the above stem segments and stem tips are not ideal. The top buds are easier to brown than the stem segments. The semi-lignified branches have higher disinfection rate than the fully woody branches, but they are very easy to brown and difficult to obtain brown. Contaminated and germinating materials. In general, seeds as explants are easier to obtain sterile seedlings. The seeds are first immersed in distilled water for 18 h, then sterilized with 75% ethanol for 30 s, rinsed with sterile water for 5 times, and then with 0. 1% mercuric chloride treatment for 7 min, sterilized with sterile water for 5 times, inoculated into MS medium, and began to germinate on the 12th day. Other explants disinfection and anti-browning techniques still need further study, and the proliferation coefficient of sterile seedlings needs to be further studied. Further improve.

2. 3 Cutting propagation of Philippine oil is a very difficult rooting tree species. In the process of cutting propagation, a certain concentration of rooting agent is often used to promote rooting. Studies have reported that the breeding pattern of the mother plant, the maturity of the cuttings, the type of rooting agent, the concentration of the rooting agent, the treatment time, and the cutting roots have a certain influence on the rooting rate of the cuttings. Deng Wenzhao et al used the vermiculite as the substrate, and used the semi-lignified twigs of Philippine oil fruit as the cuttings. The best rooting effect was obtained by soaking for 2 h with IBA 200 mg / L, and the average rooting rate was 88. 60%, the average number of roots is 7. 30, the average root length is 17. 40 cm. Zhang Meng et al. found that the rooting traits of semi-lignified cuttings of 2-year-old seedlings were significantly better than other treatments, and the rooting rate was 78. 95%, the average number of cuttings is 6. 67, the average root length is 15. 80 cm. The permafrost + humus soil was used as the substrate, and the Philippine oil seedlings were inserted into the ear. After soaking for 10 min with IBA 1000 mg / L, the rooting effect was the best and the rooting rate was 95. 20%, the average root coefficient of cuttings is 4. 40, the average root length is 14. 30 cm. Wang Chun et al. used vermiculite + alfalfa + perlite as the substrate, using cuttings of cuttings, and cutting with NAA 8 + ABT6 1 500 mg / L for 2 s. After comparative experiments, it was found that the Philippine oil stalks were inserted into 2-year-old semi-lignified branches with a cutting length of 5 to 10 cm, leaving at least 1 bud, and the upper part of the cuttings was trimmed into a flat mouth, and the lower part was trimmed into a 45 ° oblique opening at 1 000. The mg / L IBA or ABT solution is simmered for 10 s. The cutting container is usually a tray or mesh bag. Before the cutting, 800 times KMnO4 is used to disinfect the tray, mesh bag and seedbed. If necessary, the substrate can be autoclaved. If the conditions are limited, use KMnO4 for disinfection, substrate loading, bagging, watering, first insert holes in the substrate, then insert the treated cuttings into the holes, and gently compact the substrate so that the lower part of the cuttings is closely attached to the substrate. And then spray an appropriate amount of 1000 times carbendazim solution, covered with plastic film, water once every 10 days, combined with disease prevention spray carbendazim, mancozeb, etc., can also spray a proper amount of foliar fertilizer, After 60 days, the cuttings with good roots were obtained, and colonized 1 year later, with 2 years of results.

2. 4 Other breeding methods The asexual reproduction of Philippine oil fruit also includes grafting and breeding, and layering. There are very few studies on this aspect in China. Only Deng Wenzhao uses two methods of cutting and peeling to graft. This method is applicable to the introduction and expansion of new varieties. After comparison, it is found that 4 to 6 bands were selected in mid-May. The robust, disease-free pests of the buds produce semi-lignified branches for scioning in the same year, with a survival rate of up to 34%. The bead breeding can be divided into low-level beading and aerial beading. The Philippine oil fruit of 2 years old and above has a high degree of lignification and hard branches. The low-pressure beading branches are easy to break, so the air-pressing strip can be selected, but the domestic and foreign reports on this aspect are also better. less. In 1890, the famous seedling and horticulturist Edouard Andre from France introduced the seedlings from Brazil. Fachinello et al. discovered through a nearly one-year bead test that the shoots were wounded 10 cm from the ground and covered with soil after 2 months. After cultivation, plants with well-developed roots and good shoots were obtained. Mielke et al. also confirmed the feasibility of bead propagation by studying a number of physiological indicators of the bead. The beading can be carried out all year round, generally from April to May. The strong and disease-free branches are selected and gently engraved at a distance of 15 cm from the top of the branches. To avoid phloem healing, the ring can be engraved by 3 mm. Apply hormones to the wound to promote wound healing and rooting. Then prepare a plastic film 15 cm long and 10 cm wide. Wrap it around the ring, fasten the lower end, fill the matrix into the plastic film, and place the ring in the plastic film. In the middle part, after pouring enough water, the upper end is tied tightly and arranged into a funnel shape for later watering, or it can be processed after the ring is healed. Although the aerial beading process is cumbersome, the breeding cycle is generally as long as 5 to 6 months, but the survival probability is higher than that of cutting, grafting, etc. If the breeding can be expanded, the phenotype of the Philippine oil seedlings can be alleviated to a certain extent. The status quo is therefore a viable approach.

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