Recently, major network platforms have been smashed by the news that “the new cancer vaccine developed by Stanford University in the United States has allowed us to once again see the new dawn of human cancer.”

"The idea that humans completely defeat cancer" is very encouraging. After all, if human beings can overcome this difficult problem of cancer, it will be an achievement that will benefit the future. What the public is most concerned about and questioned is whether humans can completely defeat cancer by injecting vaccines. Is anti-cancer function in humans suitable for humans? When can a cancer vaccine be used in humans? How far is the research from the clinic? ?

Truth: It is difficult for mice to fight cancer

Earlier, a film based on the anti-cancer experience of the cartoonist Xiong Dun, "Money! Cancer Jun", harvested the tears of the audience.

The relevant research published by Stanford University in the United States said that researchers have achieved amazing results in mice carrying malignant tumors. The cancer cells in mice have not only completely disappeared, but the vaccine can also effectively fight a variety of cancers. The rate reached 97%.

"The paper itself is instructive in the development of new methods for the immunotherapy of human tumors, but its reported results are still only an animal experimental study. We can't directly infer the results of animal experiments to the treatment of human tumors, and we must rationally look at them. In response, Wang Qingqing, dean of the School of Basic Medical Sciences of Zhejiang University, professor of the Institute of Immunology of Zhejiang University and a doctoral tutor Wang Qingqing said during an exclusive interview with a reporter from the Science and Technology Daily. As a tumor immunology expert, after seeing the report “The successful development of a new type of cancer vaccine”, Wang Qingqing, after consulting the original text of the paper for the first time, believed that there was misreading between the paper and the news report.

“After reading the original article, I found that the tumors were injected with a combination of immunotherapeutic agents, the treatment effect on the mouse model is very good, but whether in humans have the same effect is uncertain, the results of animal experiments may be There is a big difference between the results on the human body and its final use, which needs to be confirmed by clinical research.Wang Qingqing pointed out that the method used in the experiment is to establish a tumor model for mice and then inject the vaccine and antibody into the tumor in situ. The effect of topical use is better than that of the whole body, and the anticancer agent can directly reach the tumor site, but if it is actually used for clinical treatment of tumors, some cancers may not be able to be injected within the tumor, which will also affect the results."

Therefore, it can be determined that the tumor is completely different from the human body in mice, and its cause and biological behavior are difficult to simulate the process of human tumor development. "The vaccine injected in mice can cure cancer." This result is difficult to determine for humans with the same exciting therapeutic effects.

The science of Stanford University research and development of new cancer vaccines is worthy of recognition. It is difficult to draw conclusions on whether the results can be used as "how important it is to cure cancer" as reported in the report. However, it is certain that this study found that the fight against tumors has some reference and enlightenment, but it has not yet reached the stage of clinical application.

Reality: Traditional Pillar Therapy is the Mainstream

In the face of cancer, the current standard of treatment worldwide is surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. This is also known as the three traditional pillar therapies. There are also proton therapy, Chinese medicine therapy, molecular therapy, and gene therapy that are yet to be developed and researched. In order to overcome cancer, it can be said that people have used everything.

In recent years, tumor immunotherapy has become the direction that many scientific research teams at home and abroad have conquered. With the advancement of science and technology and the deep research on immunology, immunotherapy that has been recognized as an aid for cancer treatment in the industry has become an important anti-cancer method. one.

So, does immunotherapy have universal applicability? Wang Qingqing said: “The judgment of the efficacy of human tumors should be based on standardized clinical trial results. Some types of tumors have good results through immunotherapy, such as malignant melanoma and lung cancer. And some tumors are not sensitive to immunotherapy. Cancer treatment emphasizes more comprehensive therapies, the need for combination therapy, and personalized treatment to achieve the best results."

Li Wei, director of the Second Department of Oncology at the Fifth People’s Hospital of Qinghai Province, believes that cancer vaccines are varied. At present, they can only help reduce the size of tumors and eliminate cancer cells that remain after surgery, far from the level of rejuvenation. "The reason for this is on the one hand because of the inconclusive nature of many of the mechanisms by which scientists treat cancer by immunology; on the other hand, cancer cells themselves are prone to mutations, so after multiple doses of vaccines, cancer cells will change their face, The identification tag disguised and rendered the vaccine useless."

Future: Immunotherapy is still promising

As early as 2016, Wei Zexi died of synovial sarcoma, and the “tumor bioimmunotherapy” that he tried before his death was pushed to the top of the public opinion.

Reporters found that in recent years, immunotherapy has been one of the hot topics in the field of tumor treatment research both at home and abroad. A large number of clinical studies have shown encouraging results. Traditional surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and so on have some harm to the patient's body. Immunotherapy is cell regulation. To improve the body's ability to respond biologically, to control the development of the tumor, the patient's injury is minimal and the benefit is greatest.

“Domestic researchers are continuously researching new strategies and ideas for immunotherapy and intervention in tumors, including active immunotherapy and passive immunotherapy. Currently there is a breakthrough in genetically engineered T cells (CARTs) for hematological malignancies. In the future, for the immunotherapy of tumors, scientists should explore the key mechanisms of tumor metastasis and immune escape, or find important cell subpopulations to develop therapeutic products and drugs,” stressed Wang Qingqing.

Recently, the research from the University of Pennsylvania has been ambition - it wants to develop individualized anti-cancer vaccines, so that each patient's treatment is "tailored", so that their immune system is all-round no dead ends on the tumor Generate immunity.

In this regard, Li Zhen also expressed his point of view. “The future of anti-cancer vaccines is worth looking forward to. At present, the vast majority of anti-cancer vaccines on the world target specific proteins known on the surface of cancer cells in order to generate immune memory for these proteins and allow the immune system to attack cancer. If we say past resistance Cancer vaccine is just a punch, so the new immunotherapy is a perfect combination." (Reporter Zhang Yun)

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