At present, high-quality rice is very popular among the public because it has the characteristics of being easily digested and absorbed, suitable for human needs, and the market demand is great. This article will focus on the exploration of high quality rice cultivation techniques. First, high quality rice should have conditions For high-quality rice, its varieties should not only have the characteristics of strong resistance, high yield and wide adaptability of traditional rice varieties, but also should have the following characteristics. 1. The appearance is good. Large grain, full and full, uniform and uniform, high processing precision, high milled rice rate, small white, shiny, endosperm translucent, no yellow rice grains and impurities, neat appearance and beautiful appearance. 2. Good palatability. The scent is scented during the cooking process. The rice grains are relatively full and complete, the surface is white and shiny, the texture is soft and elastic, and it does not stick. Even after cooling, it does not appear hard and regenerate. 3. High nutrition. For rice nutritional quality, protein content plays a decisive role. In the nutritional structure of rice, its protein is the best grain protein, which is easily digested and absorbed by the human body. Therefore, the higher the protein content in rice, the higher the nutritional value of the whole. 4. Hygiene. The pesticide residues and harmful substances in high-quality rice are consistent with the relevant indicators in the Food Hygiene Standards of the People's Republic of China. Second, high quality rice cultivation techniques Film breeding 1.1 film breeding technology Based on the traditional moist nursery, covered with film, it can play the role of moisturizing and warming; it can be pre-released according to actual needs, prevent rotten sputum, and maximize the rate of sputum [1]. Film insulation and breeding has a good practical effect, but it has a relatively strong technical, should do the following. 1) Process the seeds. Before sowing, the seeds should be dried, then selected and disinfected. For the disinfection of seeds, use Shi Baoke. If you want to disinfect 1 kg of seeds, use 1 m L of Shi Baoke to soak for 60~70 h and then remove them. If not, wash them directly. When the germination rate reaches 80%, You can sow. 2) Select the best season, then deduct the broadcast. If the temperature starts to rise and it is stable above 10 °C, it can be sown. Usually, in the first half of March, the planting is mostly started. When it is in the summer, it is suitable for transplanting. In terms of seeding rate, it is suitable to use 600~750 kg·hm, and cultivate strong sputum. 3) Add a cover. In order to effectively prevent the film from directly pressing on the seed, and affecting the emergence of the seedling, or the burning condition, the seed may be covered with a thin layer of farmyard manure, and the farmer's fertilizer is covered with loose hair or covered with straw. Then cover the film. 1.2 Putian Management About the insulation and moisturizing management during the emergence period. (1) From the seeding to the one-leaf and one-heart period, a tightly closed film is needed to provide a high-temperature, high-humidity environment for rice seedling development, which is beneficial to seedling rooting and rapid growth. (2) During the refining period, the film may be uncovered at the appropriate time according to the weather at that time. (3) One leaf, one heart period, two leaves and one heart period, it is required to properly maintain the temperature and protect the seedlings. Usually, the temperature inside the membrane is controlled at 25~30 °C. During this period, the ventilation can be increased according to actual needs. And time, you can take one side of the open or two ventilation to do this operation, the day to expose the night cover, and finally fully expose, in order to achieve the purpose of refining, so that the seedlings better adapt to the environment outside the membrane. (4) In the film uncovering, it is better to use 9:00, first fill the water and then peel off the film, so that the whole face is always in a shallow water state, avoiding the physiological loss of water and causing the dead seedlings. After the film is uncovered, it can be managed in accordance with the method of water culture. (5) After uncovering the film, attention should be paid to timely irrigation and drainage. When the seedlings grow to the three-leaf stage, the aerated tissue has formed, and the ability to adapt to the hypoxic environment is gradually increasing. However, since the various nutrients in the mother have been basically exhausted, there will be insufficient self-sufficiency. In addition, the seedlings at this time also have weaker low temperature resistance, and the additional seedlings are increasing, the leaf transpiration is increased, and more water is needed. At this time, it is necessary to maintain a shallow water layer, but not too much, not to be flooded. Pass the heart. If you encounter bad weather such as hail, cold wave, etc., you can fill the deep water to protect the seedlings. When the cold wave, you can gradually release the water, and you can not release it all in a short time, which will lead to physiological dead seedlings. (6) Seedling stage needs timely topdressing. In the process of cultivating and cultivating rice, the field topdressing is an effective measure. It is necessary to apply milk fertilizer early. It needs to apply urea at 5~8 kg·hm before and after the second leaf; in the first 7 days of the transplant, it can be chased. The manure is applied, that is, urea is 3~5 kg·hm. 2. Plastic floppy disk dry nursery 2.1 Plastic floppy disk dry nursery technology The use of plastic trays to raise drought and flood, can improve the ecological environment of the seedlings, and optimize the yield structure and agronomic traits to some extent. In addition, it can be planted at an early time, with high tillering rate and quick returning, which is beneficial to high yield and stability of rice. When you are raising your child, you need to do the following. (1) Daejeon selection and plastic tray preparation. If it is a field with an altitude of more than 1 800 m, that is, a paddy field; if it is an area with an altitude of less than 1 800 m, it can complete the harvest of other crops around May, that is, the second field, and the water source is sufficient. Good protection of the water needs of the entire transplant. In the aspect of the tray, the 561 type seedlings and the medium seedlings can be selected, and the 434 type seedlings and the medium seedlings are used. (2) Select the seedbed and prepare the seedlings. When selecting a seedbed, it is necessary to select a field with relatively flat terrain, convenient irrigation, leeward and sunny. The amount of seedbed required for 1 hm field is 155-220 m. Zhuangjing agent is a rice seedling bed soil specially developed for the purpose of synergy, fattening, acid adjustment and disinfection, according to the ecological and physiological characteristics of rice dry nursery. The conditioning agent is mainly composed of a planting control agent, a synergist, a seedling nutrient, a soil acidifying agent, a disease prevention disinfectant and the like. The role of conditioning agents: Plant chemical control agents can regulate the growth and development of seedlings, strengthen the physiological activity of roots, and enhance the ability to absorb fertility. In addition to accelerating the growth of roots, it can also prevent the growth of seedlings and enhance the resistance of seedlings. The agent can enhance the adsorption of the soil, improve the permeability, and has outstanding effects in improving the soil and improving the fertilizer efficiency; the seedling nutrient has many elements and trace elements, and can be used at one time to meet the nutritional needs of the seedling growth; The soil acidifier is mainly used for acid adjustment; the disease-preventing disinfectant is mainly used for the control of blight and bacterial wilt during breeding. (3) Prepare the soil. Choose fertile dry land or paddy soil with strong viscosity. Do not use sand or coal ash. Do not mix fine farmyard manure into the soil to avoid loose seedlings. Before sowing, it can be sieved at 3 kg per plate, then fully mixed according to the ratio of 0.75 kg of strong and 100 kg of soil, or evenly mixed with strong media, and then treated with 5 kg according to 150 m L. Add the proportion of the cereals, mix well, mix the seeding time for the evening, and mix it for 10 hours to sow [3]. (4) Seed treatment. Mainly in the prevention and control of rice seedling disease, there are mainly two methods, namely, seeding of seedlings II and filming together. (5) Reason. According to the line of 1.8~2 m, the width of the crucible is 0.5~0.6 m, and the width of the crucible is controlled to 1.3~1.4 m. It is a typical low-lying high-lying type. For the surface, it should be less than 埂10 cm. Smooth face. (6) Sowing date. According to the actual situation of the pendulum period, the sowing date is estimated from the age of the pendulum. Usually, the pendulum age range is 25~30 days. Therefore, depending on the actual situation of the area, the sowing time can be selected as appropriate. (7) Seeding rate. For the amount of seeds used per plate, conventional rice is 60-70 g, 3~6 grains/hole; and hybrid rice is 30 g, 2~3 grains/hole. (8) Loading and sowing. During the sowing period, it is advisable to use sunny, morning and windless weather. Pour the bottom water on the surface of the clam and place the two clams on the top. The soil that has been stirred with the predator in advance is sieved to the surface. The depth of the dish is 1/3~2/3. At this time, the seed of the germination is divided 3~4 times, and the hole is evenly scattered into the hole to control the porosity, so that it is lower than 10%. After the sowing, the nutrient soil will be used. Covered, covered soil, should be 1.5 cm below the disk surface. (9) Control weeds. Usually, it is advisable to remove weeds by hand. If the agent is used to prevent weeding, it can be sprayed with 0.3 m L of herbicide and 0.1 kg per 1 m. (10) Cover film. Before covering the membrane, cover the seedling tray with wheat straw or loose hair, use it as a support, then pour water, and finally cover the membrane. 2.2 Seedling field management 1. Temperature management. After sowing, before the current needle, this period is the sealing period, and more moisturizing and heat preservation treatment. When the seedlings turn green, they can be ventilated and controlled on a small scale to accelerate the growth of the root system. It is recommended to ventilate at sunrise and close within 3 to 5 hours before sunset. When the seedlings have one leaf and one heart, the ventilation can be appropriately increased. After 4 to 5 days of seedlings, a film is removed, the straw or the loose hair is removed, and then the film is made into a film of about 40 cm. Small arch shed, then cover the membrane, when sunny, the two can be uncovered at 10:00-17:00 to ventilate. After 7 days of continuous management, the film can be removed during the day, open-air management, if there is frost at night, cover film, prevent frost. When the seedling grows to about 13 cm, it can be placed. 2. Water management. Do not water before emergence until the film is uncovered. After peeling off the film or ventilating, the tip of the seedling should be water-free in the morning and evening, or when the leaves are curled, the water needs to be replenished. It can be watered in the morning or evening, and it is better to pour the water. 3. Topdressing. In the seedling stage, usually no fertilization is required. If the seedling fertilizer is to be applied, the urea water can be sprayed at a ratio of 4 to 6 g·m. After fertilization, it needs to be poured with water. Third, the conclusion With the improvement of people's living standards, their food requirements are becoming more and more strict. As a traditional staple food, rice's quality, especially the quality of production links, has become more and more important. In the rice planting stage, it is of great significance to rationally control all links to achieve scientific and rationalization.
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