1.1 Characteristics of Soybean Breeding Soybean breeding follows the basic principles of plant breeding (mutation, selection, etc.). Soybeans are closed-pollinated plants with natural impurities Low exchange rate, easy maintenance of species, sensitivity to sunlight, poor adaptability to the environment, and unsuccessful introduction between regions. Parents are selected for cross-breeding and self-crossing, from which good individuals are separated and derived into families; multi-year, multi-family pedigree trials are conducted to identify their production targets and so on. Form; selection of excellent families, regional testing, validation, promotion. Main methods for selection of soybean family cultivars: selection of natural variation breeding; cross breeding; backcross Breeding; mutation breeding; population improvement and recurrent selection. Individuals with excellent mutations; identification nursery trials; design and selection of excellent families using sequential comparisons; yield comparison tests, randomized block design screening The best family. The participants can use grouped randomized block design for a long time. There is also a simple grid design and various other alternative designs. Individual breeder. The production of seed of the breeder is a generation (original species) or two generations (original species) conducted by the breeder himself. ) High-purity seed breeding. The general criteria for the seeds of breeders are: consistent traits, consistent growth, and high purity. The seed company or other authorized breeders produce specialized households. The original species required the same quality as the breeder's seed, in the pure seed It should be as close as possible to the seed of the breeder. The seed purity is not less than 99.9%, and it is divided into the original seed generation and the original seed generation according to different uses. Selection period: selection Two-stage flowering and maturation phases are carried out. The purity requirement is basically the same as the original species. GB4404.2-1996 "The Seeds of Grain Crops - Beans" sets the minimum quality standards for marketing soybean seeds . The seed purity of the improved seeds is not lower than 98.0%. The seed germination rate is not less than 85%, the clarity is not less than 98.0%, and the moisture content is not higher than 12.0%. Select nursery, strain comparison nursery, and mixed propagation nursery. Single plant selection nursery selected typical excellent plants for test species, single plant threshing. Elimination and original grain color Individuals with inconsistent traits such as grain, umbilicus, etc. The strain identification nursery will form one line for each single plant (strain). Elimination of strains that are inconsistent with the original variety. Planting The method can be used every 10 to 20 lines of 1 control line (original type). Selected strains for breeding in the next year. Mixed breeding nursery , mixed harvested seeds are equidistantly planted on-demand and propagated at high magnification. Threshing, storage alone, as breeding seed for the following year. The breeding field adopts advanced cultivation and management measures and strictly eliminates impurities. Laboratory Sterilizer,Laboratory Sterilizers,Laboratory Steam Sterilizer,Lab Sterilization Equipment ZHEJIANG FOMOS MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD. , https://www.ifomos.com
1.2 Ways and Methods for Soybean Breeding The main approaches and general steps for the breeding of soybean family lines are to prepare a combination with the genetic variation of the target traits.
2. Soybean Breeding Program and Community Technology
2.1 Soybean Breeding Program Introduction or creation of mutant populations → selection of individuals with excellent variation → reproduction, identification of superior variation → selection mutation → identification promotion.
2.2 The community technology of soybean breeding program creates a mutation nursery, uses the sequence to create mutations, and mutates the descendant nursery to identify and select in order.
3. Basic procedures for the breeding of pure breeds
The original species (seeds of the breeder) → original species → improved species → field production
4. The basic relationship between the original species (the seed of the breeder), the original species and the elite species
Meet the quality standards of the original species ↠purification and rejuvenation ↠Daejeon production
↓
Original species (seedler's seed) → original species → improved species
4.1 Breeders' Seeds Breeders' seeds refer to the original seeds of breeds bred by breeders. Agroforestry breeders can be a unit or a
4.2 The original seed is a seed that is produced directly from the seed of the breeder and is the descendant of the seed of the breeder. Generally it is the breeder or the authorization
4.3 Improved seed is a seed that is further propagated using the original seed. It is generally produced under the supervision of authorized breeders. seed
5. Method for purifying and rejuvenating soybean varieties
5.1 Strain Selection The common method for the purification and rejuvenation of soybeans consists of the selection of individual plants, the identification of strains, and the combination of high-intensity breeding. Separate plant selection
5.2 Mixed selection When the soybean is ripe, select a certain number of robust and excellent plants with the typical traits of the variety, and then conduct a rigorous indoor selection and mixing.